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...ric]]) that produces thrust when wind pushes up against the surface of the material. Sails were used in the construction of some [[boat]]s and most [[ship]]s b ...ing]] [[longship]]s had square sails made of [[wool]] likely coated with a material to render them more effective.

Usually a narrow strip of material, such as [[leather]], that is used for binding or securing objects. It ofte It can also be a long thin strip of material used for [[flogging]].

...fically [[gambeson]]s). It is assumed that this is some kind of waterproof material (used by [[sailor]]s etc), but no-one is sure exactly how the [[linen]] was

...e material to crack (in the case of [[stone]]) or two tighter the fit of a material into another (ie when fitting the [[handle]] of an [[axe]]). ...e [[blade]] of the [[chisel]] along and into the surface to remove the end material. Taper the end slightly to that it fits into the channel in the [[wood]] ea

==Material==

An '''awl''' is basically a sharpened piece of material attached to a handle (usually of [[wood]]) and used to pierce other materia A straight [[diamond section]] blade is common from the [[medieval]] material but modern [[leather|leatherworkers]] usually use a curved awl with a ovoid

...ials such as tow, rags etc. They might be also have other more substantial material such as [[horn]] stuffed in them as well and could be richly covered in exp

'''Closed-cell foam''' is a modern material in common use in the [[SCA]], usually in the construction of [[armour]] and [[Thrusting tip]]s are usually made of this material, and [[axe|axeheads]] or the ends of [[glaive|polearms]] are increasingly b

...e from the skin of [[cow|calves]] that was used in [[period]] as a writing material. It is the fact that calf skin is used that differentiates it from [[parchm

...rial. Simply saying something is made out of canvas does not indicate what material the canvas is made from.

'''Sinew''' is the tough, fibrous material can connects bones to muscles. It is sometimes used in the production of [[

'''Parchment''' is a material for the pages of a [[book]] or [[codex]] made from fine [[cow|calf]] skin, ...p?action=displaycat&catid=1253 papyrus] as demand rose, and the reed-based material became more expensive.

*'''Sheet:''' Higher numbers mean thinner material. Armour in [[period]] would vary between 22 gauge, up to at least 10 gauge It is important to note that material manufacturers allow a degree of variance in their products. Therefore, a sh

Saws are toothed [[blade|blades]] pushed or pulled through a material in order to cut it. ...n thin and needed to be kept under tension as they were pulled through the material being cut.

...te pieces of [[fabric]] together by repeatedly forcing a thread of another material through both items. This process forms a [[stitch]].

...pposed to the drawn thread work (or Reticella) in which you started from a material and removed bits.

...e where a [[wood]]en frame is made and the gaps are filled with some other material (usually [[clay]] but sometimes [[stone]] or [[plaster]]).

...hing]] based on extent patterns in appropriate weight and type of [[fabric|material]]s. ...are acceptable if the blend is greatly favoured in bias of the historical material but 100% fabrics of the right weight are preferred.

...tchfork''' is a device used for the moving of loose vegetation, particular material such as [[hay]] and [[barley]]. It consists of a [[wood]]en shaft with a he

...a Shovel.]]A '''shovel''' is a digging [[tool]] that is designed to remove material from a pile or hole. In general they have a greater curve in their face and

This is the material of choice for most [[SCA]] [[weapons]] (although some others are used).

...s of tougher fabric such as linen. It might also be made of many layers of material. One source indicates that 30 layers of linen make a sufficient garment.

...portant issue despite the current trends towards casual copying of others' material. The punishments for this can be severe so you should think twice before yo

...lly the needle is used for [[sewing]] where the needle is driven through a material such as [[leather]] or [[fabric|cloth]] and a thread such as [[linen]], [[w

It is not a period material and is readily distinguishable from [[steel]] [[armour]] by this very shiny

...s are the epiphysis, which are generally composed of cancellous ("spongy") material and red marrow.

...ed to the drawn thread work (or [[Reticella]]) in which you started from a material and removed bits.

...ess of forming a "[[braid]]" - a cord, rope, or ribbon from some long thin material such as [[thread]], hair, or even smaller cord, rope, or ribbon. [[Braiding

A '''bale''' is a block of compressed organic material ([[hay]] or straw), sometimes physically bound together.

== Material Culture ==

...Ulmus glabra'') was frequently used for [[longbow]]s although the prefered material was [[yew]].

A '''coin''' is a piece of hard material, traditionally [[metal]] (especially [[silver]] or [[gold]]) and usually in

[[category:reference material]]

...[[shank]] of a [[rivet]] such that it can no longer slide out of whatever material it is inserted into.

A '''chisel''' is a [[tool]] with a flat, sharpened end used to remove material from [[wood]], [[metal]] or [[stone]]. The sharpened edge is typically made

Along with the privilege of (and material benefits to) holding a fief, the fief-holder would be obliged to give [[lea

...ment]] and usually that is pushed through a gap (''[[buttonhole]]'') in a material so as to act as a fastener. They may also be used for decoration.

'''Crossguards''' are a section of material, usually but not always, [[metal]] that crosses the [[blade]] near the [[hi

The word '''fabric''' refers to any sheet of material made by [[weaving]] things together. This means that [[chainmaille]] is a f

...dimensional objects such as vases. [[Mortar]] is used to secure the mosaic material to the surface and [[grout]] is used to fill the gaps between the pieces.

* Material sources ([[metal]], [[leather]], [[cloth]])

...d onto the body and belted with the [[pleat]]s in place and the end of the material flipped over the shoulder and tied around the arm. * belted, pinned and the top corners tucked backwards, under the material lying on the shoulders (to leave the arms free)

...o make fine cloth, tow to make coarse cloth, and also unspun as a stuffing material. ...these reasons white or unbleached linen was the favoured, and most common material for [[underwear]] for both [[medieval]] men and women. [[Hemp]], [[Nettle

...e that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied, or a material that imparts colour to other substances (e.g. [[food]], [[fabric]], skin, [

'''Tunnel stitches''' are a type of stitch that enters one side of a material and exits back out the same side without passing through to the opposite si

Gamboised cuisses could be covered in rich [[fabric|material]]s such as [[silk]] or [[velvet]] and could be embroidered. This would indi

Piece of material (especially [[metal]]), that is much thinner than either of its other dimen

...ames.html SCA College of Arms - Name Articles] (a directory of educational material regarding names, naming practices and related subjects)

On the other side was a costly silk material;<br>

...poisonous if ingested, inhaled or come in contact with skin. Research each material carefully before EVEN ATTEMPTING to handle the pigment in dry or liquid for *'''black (from plant material)''' - derived from charred wood, twigs, pits, nut shells, etc.

...some [[kingdom]]s, circlets are regulated with [[sumptuary law]]s, and the material and width of circlets may be restricted. For example, in some kingdoms, me

...strive to create authentic medieval [[garb]] and other crafts, much of the material culture that makes up the [[SCA]] could be considered medievaloid.

...re used for the manufacturing of twine and rope. Flax fibre is also a raw material for the high quality paper industry.

A book may or may not contain written or printed material -- good-quality books comprised of blank pages are often very popular in re

...or [[metal]] fittings such as [[chape]]s. They might also be lined with a material such as [[linen]] or [[sheepskin]].

...the [[wikipedia]] at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethelwulf. Some of the material about Judith was inspired by an entry in Carr's ''Dictionary of English Kin

...l''' is a long strip of [[paper]], [[parchment]], [[papyrus]] or a similar material used for writing, usually mounted on a pair of [[spindle]]s for ease of han

...woven vegetable matter. Typically during the [[medieval]] [[period]], this material would be a [[wood]] like [[willow]].

...]], but in [[medieval]] times [[parchment]] ([[vellum]]) was the preferred material. Parchment is essentially a rawhide product, tanned with [[lime]], and las

...]] or [[linen]] as a [[shirt]] would not be worn underneath. Sometimes the material would be "cut full of holes" for ventilation. Red was a popular choice for

A '''bow''' is a [[weapon]] consisting of a curved, flexible strip of material, especially [[wood]], strung taut from end to end and used to launch [[miss

**2.8.2 Lamellar body armour may be made of thinner material than stated in �2.8.1� but must be worn in conjunction with a gambeson or o **2.9.2 Leather body armour may be made of thinner material than stated in �2.9.1� but must be worn in conjunction with a gambeson or o

...nd padding. Wool was also used to make [[sail]]s and [[tent]]s. As the raw material has been readily available since the widespread domestication of sheep and

[[Category:reference material]]

...ilver]]-gilt and silver thread, which entirely covers the linen background material. The figures are framed in overlapping units, based on the [[quatrefoil]] (

''The original information on this page was based on material gleaned from the Winchester City Council's website''

...st]]), which weakens the metal as the rust is water soluble and washes the material away exposing more of the original metal to oxidize. For this reason, peri

...nd weaving]] (including [[Tablet weaving]]) making narrow ribbons of woven material

...hinge can be made out of thick [[leather]]. The natural flexibility of the material allows satisfactory movement.

== Source Material ==

'''Charcoal''' is a [[plant]] (usually [[wood]]) or [[animal]] material (usually dung or [[bone]]s) that is heated to high temperatures in the abse

Unilke the Italians the English madrigalists tended towards less high brow material for their texts.

''Source material:'' [http://www.brotherguido.com/travels/history/default.htm The History of

...gle stroke can be modified. The greater the force the larger the amount of material removed and the greater the chance the block will react poorly and split in ...ut of a more complex form. The point is used for breaking large amounts of material away. The blunt is used immediately after a point to reduce the remaining l

* [[Cotton]] - a rare material in period - mainly imported from [[Egypt]] and [[India]] and mostly used in

...do not oxidize at all. Lead was therefore commonly used as a construction material (in particular to roof buildings) and gold was considered extremely valuabl

* You have a very material attitude to life. You are not a great [[spritualist]] but believe in livin

...the weft threads may pass easily through the warp, thereby creating woven material. The loom itself is propped upright against a wall, for example, and weavin Although most forms of braiding don't require a loom per se, they do create material in the form of interlaced threads much as do other narrowwares techniques.

The main decisions to be made are in choosing the material and size.

* [[gamboised cuisse]]s - [[velvet]], [[silk]] or other rich [[fabric|material]] covering padded funnel shaped tubes that covered the thigh. They could be * [[espauder]]s - shoulder defences of unknown form or material are mentioned at the end of the century.

...examples of previous work from all spectrums of reenactment and reference material. Positive reinforce of effort and appliaction is applied. ...owledge Base- Some groups maintain a small library of convenient reference material and [[supplier]]s with a notes on what certain suppliers do that is good an

...with a large gallery supported by [[wood]]en posts, fill it with flammable material, and set it on [[fire]]. When the gallery collapsed, the section of wall w

A '''belt''' is a length of some material, often [[leather]], cord or [[weaving|woven]] [[cloth]] worn around the wai

While quite versatile, bobbin lace suffers from inherent limitations of material that needle lace does not. Consequently, you can quite often identify which

''This page was originally adapted from material at the UK web-site for the Cornwall County Council (which appears to bear n

...ng, tablet weaving is not a warp-and-weft woven fabric but rather a twined material.

...n or hide is immersed in tannins and these are allowed to soak through the material until the hide changes. There are several types of [[vegetable]] tanned le

*Craft [[tool]]s and material

...cidolite or rutile; the color ranges from gray to sky blue and gem quality material is hard to obtain)

Once we have the equipment and the material, the fun can begin.

...tment]] and tends to be restricted to substituting a variation of the same material for another (i.e. one type of [[wood]] for another).

:Explanatory notes very brief, but translated material extraordinarily long

...12th century literature sees a wave of (populary demanded) translations of material in various languages (Latin, [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]], [[Greek]], [[Wels

...tective gear is designed to protect the front of the body and uses lighter material on the back whereas SCA safety standards require equal protection on the fr ...of the head not covered by the fencing mask itself. "Puncture-resistant" material must pass either a commercial 550 [[newton]] garment punch test devices or

...ched arrows and bolts shall use [[feather]]s or other pre-[[17th century]] material. Plastic vanes are not allowed. * Nocks for arrows, and caps, rings, or nocks for bolts may be of any material, provided they are securely attached.

...aid about [[19th century]] [[historian]]s, but they did save a lot of good material.

...d that the Grail is and ever was no more than a myth, and that the various material manifestations are but self-aggrandising fakes, buoyed up by esoteric flim-

The link begins life as raw material (usually some form of [[steel]] of a similar composition to modern mild ste

This has been adapted from material from Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinson], with additi

...own all the best in life, spurning the minimalist ideals and rejection of material goods that Buddhism teaches us.

...s are detected, please let me know so that I can correct them. Additional material is always welcomed. It is a work in progress and will be added to as I hav