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Saxony was originally a settlement area of the Saxons comprising the area of the modern German states of [[Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and most of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Saxony was subdued by [[Charlemagne]] during the [[Saxon Wars]] from about 772 and was created as a [[stem duchy]] in 843 with the [[Treaty of Verdun]]. The Duchy of Saxony, like most Germanic states, fluctuated in size, land area and power throughout the majority of the medieval era until the formation of the modern country of [[Germany]] in 1918. |
Saxony was originally a settlement area of the Saxons comprising the area of the modern German states of [[Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and most of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Saxony was subdued by [[Charlemagne]] during the [[Saxon Wars]] from about 772 and was created as a [[stem duchy]] in 843 with the [[Treaty of Verdun]]. The Duchy of Saxony, like most Germanic states, fluctuated in size, land area and power throughout the majority of the medieval era until the formation of the modern country of [[Germany]] in 1918. |
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==Rulers of Saxony== |
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:[[Louis the Child]], [[King of East Francia]] - 900-911 |
:[[Louis the Child]], [[King of East Francia]] - 900-911 |
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:[[Conrad the Younger]], [[King of Germany]] - 911-912 |
:[[Conrad the Younger]], [[King of Germany]] - 911-912 |
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:[[Henry the Lion]], Duke of Saxony and [[Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] - 1142-1180, Welf Dynasty |
:[[Henry the Lion]], Duke of Saxony and [[Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] - 1142-1180, Welf Dynasty |
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==The Duchy Crumbles== |
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:At this point in the Duchy of Saxony's history, everything fell apart. In 1176 [[Henry the Lion]], the ruler of Saxony and [[Bavaria]] and one of the most powerful princes of northern Germany, refused to aid his cousin [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Frederick I Barbarossa]] in his campaign against the cities of [[Lombardy]] at the [[Battle of Legnano]]. In 1180 the ban of the empire was proclaimed against [[Henry the Lion|Henry]] at [[Würzburg]] (in abstentia), and 1181 the old Duchy of Saxony was cut up at the [[Diet of Gelnhausen]] into many small portions. The greater share of its western portion was given, as the [[Westphalia|Duchy of Westphalia]], to the Archbishop of [[Cologne]]. The Saxon bishops, who had before this possessed sovereign authority in their territories, though under the suzerainty of the Duke of Saxony, gained [[imperial immediacy]] subject only to the imperial government. Saxon archbishops turned into prince-archbishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of [[Bremen]] and [[Magdeburg]], and the prince-bishops of [[Halberstadt]], [[Lübeck]], [[Ratzeburg]], [[Schwerin]] as well as [[Verden]], etc. The case was the same with a large number of secular countships and cities. |
:At this point in the Duchy of Saxony's history, everything fell apart. In 1176 [[Henry the Lion]], the ruler of Saxony and [[Bavaria]] and one of the most powerful princes of northern Germany, refused to aid his cousin [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Frederick I Barbarossa]] in his campaign against the cities of [[Lombardy]] at the [[Battle of Legnano]]. In 1180 the ban of the empire was proclaimed against [[Henry the Lion|Henry]] at [[Würzburg]] (in abstentia), and 1181 the old Duchy of Saxony was cut up at the [[Diet of Gelnhausen]] into many small portions. The greater share of its western portion was given, as the [[Westphalia|Duchy of Westphalia]], to the Archbishop of [[Cologne]]. The Saxon bishops, who had before this possessed sovereign authority in their territories, though under the suzerainty of the Duke of Saxony, gained [[imperial immediacy]] subject only to the imperial government. Saxon archbishops turned into prince-archbishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of [[Bremen]] and [[Magdeburg]], and the prince-bishops of [[Halberstadt]], [[Lübeck]], [[Ratzeburg]], [[Schwerin]] as well as [[Verden]], etc. The case was the same with a large number of secular countships and cities. |
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== |
==Armor== |
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*16th Century |
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:[http://archive.org/details/jstor-25136604 Cleveland Museum of Art: Armor of the Royal Guard of Saxony] |
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==Clothing== |
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*Pre-Period |
*Pre-Period |
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:5th - 6th centuries: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit] |
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:5th - 6th centuries: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description] |
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:400 - 900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn |
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:Pre-perod - 1066: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description] |
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*7th Century |
*7th Century |
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:400 - 900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn |
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:Pre-perod - 1066: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description] |
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*8th Century |
*8th Century |
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:400 - 900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn |
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:Pre-perod - 1066: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description] |
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*9th Century |
*9th Century |
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:Pre-perod - 1066: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description] |
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*10th Century |
*10th Century |
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:995 - 1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing] |
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:10th - 11th century: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit] |
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:1066 - abt 1199: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description] |
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*11th Century |
*11th Century |
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:[http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century] |
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:995 - 1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing] |
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:10th - 11th century: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit] |
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:1066 - abt 1199: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description] |
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*12th Century |
*12th Century |
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:1066 - abt 1199: [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description] |
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*13th Century |
*13th Century |
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:[http://www.walpurgis.co.uk/ Walpurgis in the 13th Century] |
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:13th - middle 14th centuries: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description] |
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*14th Century |
*14th Century |
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:13th - middle 14th centuries: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description] |
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*15th Century |
*15th Century |
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*16th Century |
*16th Century |
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:"Cranach" Gown |
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::abt 1530s: [http://www.reconstructinghistory.com/articles/16th-century-articles/a-saxon-ladys-outfit-as-seen-in-the-works-of-lucas-cranch.html A Saxon Lady’s Outfit As Seen in the Works of] [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach]] by Kass McGann [Images and Description, Patterns for Purchase] |
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::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/cranach1/ Cranach Gown Part 1: Research] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog |
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::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/cranach-gown-part-2-skirt-construction-part-1/ Cranach Gown Part 2: Skirt Construction Part 1] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog |
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::[http://sophie-stitches.weebly.com/german-saxon-cranach-gown.html 16th c: Early German-Saxon (Cranach) Gowns] from Sophie Stitches |
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==Manuscripts== |
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*12th Century |
*12th Century |
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:c. 1173-1175: [[Gospels of Henry the Lion]] (Evangeliar Heinrichs des Löwen) |
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::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evangeliar_heinrich_des_loewen.jpg Uncertain Fol from the gospels] |
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::[http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinatio/59314640/ Fol from Genesis] |
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:::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_der_L%C3%B6we_und_Mathilde_von_England.jpg Henry the Lion and Mathilde of England] (Enlargement from Genesis) |
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*13th Century |
*13th Century |
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:c. 1240: [[Goslar Gospels]] (Goslarer Evangeliar) |
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::[http://www.adeva.com/faks_bild_2.asp?id=35 Fol. 10v: Die Anbetung der Könige (Ausschnitt)] |
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::[http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinatio/58133895 From the Gospel of Luke] |
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:::[http://braunschweig2010.de/_cms/kunstschaetze/Evangeliar_Lukas.jpg Left Fol Enlargement] |
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:::[http://www.michael-giesecke.de/geschichte/zweistromland_aegypten/dokumente/schreibtechnik_und_stoffe/dokumentation/bleitafeln_schreibmedien.htm Lower Right Fol Enlargement] |
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==Fiction== |
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The following are fictitious or legendary accounts loosely based on period instances: |
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:[http://archive.org/details/talesandlegends00westgoog Tales and Legends of Saxony and Lusatia (1877)] |
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:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof01colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 1 (1844)] |
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:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof02colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 2 (1844)] |
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:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof03colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 3 (1844)] |
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==References== |
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony Wikipedia: Duchy of Saxony] |
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxony Wikipedia: Saxony] |
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* [http://archive.org/details/anabaptistsbeing00newc The Anabaptists: being an account of the progress of the Reformation in Germany, from the Diet of Worms to the death of Frederic, Elector of Saxony (1836)] |
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[[Category:7th century]] [[Category:8th century]] [[Category:9th century]] [[Category:10th century]] [[Category:11th century]] [[Category:12th century]] [[Category:13th century]] [[Category:14th century]] [[Category:15th century]] [[Category:16th century]] |
[[Category:7th century]] [[Category:8th century]] [[Category:9th century]] [[Category:10th century]] [[Category:11th century]] [[Category:12th century]] [[Category:13th century]] [[Category:14th century]] [[Category:15th century]] [[Category:16th century]] |
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Revision as of 01:38, 7 May 2013
Saxony was originally a settlement area of the Saxons comprising the area of the modern German states of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony-Anhalt and most of Schleswig-Holstein. Saxony was subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from about 772 and was created as a stem duchy in 843 with the Treaty of Verdun. The Duchy of Saxony, like most Germanic states, fluctuated in size, land area and power throughout the majority of the medieval era until the formation of the modern country of Germany in 1918.
Rulers of Saxony
- Louis the Child, King of East Francia - 900-911
- Conrad the Younger, King of Germany - 911-912
- Henry the Fowler, Duke of Saxony - 912-936
- Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - 936-973
- Bernard I, Duke of Saxony - 973-1011
- Bernard II, Duke of Saxony - 1011-1059
- Ordulf, Duke of Saxony - 1059-1072
- Magnus, Duke of Saxony - 1072-1106, Billung dynasty
- Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor - 1106-1112
- Otto of Ballenstedt, Duke of Saxony - 1112-1115
- Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor - 1115-1137
- Henry the Proud, Duke of Saxony - 1137-1139
- Albert the Bear, Duke of Saxony - 1138-1142
- Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria - 1142-1180, Welf Dynasty
The Duchy Crumbles
- At this point in the Duchy of Saxony's history, everything fell apart. In 1176 Henry the Lion, the ruler of Saxony and Bavaria and one of the most powerful princes of northern Germany, refused to aid his cousin Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in his campaign against the cities of Lombardy at the Battle of Legnano. In 1180 the ban of the empire was proclaimed against Henry at Würzburg (in abstentia), and 1181 the old Duchy of Saxony was cut up at the Diet of Gelnhausen into many small portions. The greater share of its western portion was given, as the Duchy of Westphalia, to the Archbishop of Cologne. The Saxon bishops, who had before this possessed sovereign authority in their territories, though under the suzerainty of the Duke of Saxony, gained imperial immediacy subject only to the imperial government. Saxon archbishops turned into prince-archbishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of Bremen and Magdeburg, and the prince-bishops of Halberstadt, Lübeck, Ratzeburg, Schwerin as well as Verden, etc. The case was the same with a large number of secular countships and cities.
Armor
- 16th Century
Clothing
- Pre-Period
- 5th - 6th centuries: How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
- 5th - 6th centuries: Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress [Patterns and Description]
- 400 - 900: Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons by Angelcynn
- Pre-perod - 1066: Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]
- 7th Century
- 400 - 900: Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons by Angelcynn
- Pre-perod - 1066: Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]
- 8th Century
- 400 - 900: Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons by Angelcynn
- Pre-perod - 1066: Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]
- 9th Century
- Pre-perod - 1066: Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]
- 10th Century
- 995 - 1066: Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing
- 10th - 11th century: How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
- 1066 - abt 1199: Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]
- 11th Century
- Anglo Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century
- 995 - 1066: Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing
- 10th - 11th century: How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
- 1066 - abt 1199: Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]
- 12th Century
- 1066 - abt 1199: Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]
- 13th Century
- Walpurgis in the 13th Century
- 13th - middle 14th centuries: Headwear: How to Make a Toque [Patterns and Description]
- 14th Century
- 13th - middle 14th centuries: Headwear: How to Make a Toque [Patterns and Description]
- 15th Century
- 16th Century
- "Cranach" Gown
- abt 1530s: A Saxon Lady’s Outfit As Seen in the Works of Lucas Cranach by Kass McGann [Images and Description, Patterns for Purchase]
- Cranach Gown Part 1: Research from Truth is Stranger than Fashion blog
- Cranach Gown Part 2: Skirt Construction Part 1 from Truth is Stranger than Fashion blog
- 16th c: Early German-Saxon (Cranach) Gowns from Sophie Stitches
Manuscripts
- 12th Century
- c. 1173-1175: Gospels of Henry the Lion (Evangeliar Heinrichs des Löwen)
- Uncertain Fol from the gospels
- Fol from Genesis
- Henry the Lion and Mathilde of England (Enlargement from Genesis)
- 13th Century
- c. 1240: Goslar Gospels (Goslarer Evangeliar)
Fiction
The following are fictitious or legendary accounts loosely based on period instances:
- Tales and Legends of Saxony and Lusatia (1877)
- Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 1 (1844)
- Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 2 (1844)
- Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 3 (1844)
