Holy Roman Emperor: Difference between revisions

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The holy Roman Emperor was, in effect, a misnomer in spades. He was '''holy''' only because (in general) he took the title only after being crowned by the [[Pope]] in [[Rome]]. The '''Roman''' had little or nothing to do with Rome itself, and far more to do with the claim of the Popes to be empowered to pass on the ''potentia'' of the classic [[Roman Empire|Roman emperors]] to a new monarch. And he was a [[king]] rather than an [[emperor]].
The '''Holy Roman Emperor''' was, in effect, a misnomer in spades. He was '''holy''' only because (in general) he took the [[title]] only after being [[crown]]ed by the [[Pope]] in [[Rome]]. The '''[[Roman]]''' had little or nothing to do with Rome itself, and far more to do with the claim of the Popes to be empowered to pass on the ''potentia'' of the classic [[Roman Empire|Roman emperors]] to a new [[monarch]]. And he was a [[king]] rather than an [[emperor]].


The first post-Roman emperor so declared was [[Charlemagne]] or Charles the Great, who was crowned by Pope Leo III in 800CE as part of a deal whereby he agreed to champion and protect the [[Catholic]] Church. With a brief interregnum (891-898) whilst the Dukes of Spoleto tussled over the crown of [[Italy]], the imperial crown passed to Charles' descendants until 924CE. <br>
The first post-Roman emperor so declared was [[Charlemagne]] or Charles the Great, who was crowned by Pope Leo III in 800[[CE]] as part of a deal whereby he agreed to champion and protect the [[Catholic]] Church. With a brief interregnum (891-898) whilst the [[Duke]]s of Spoleto tussled over the crown of [[Italy]], the imperial crown passed to Charles' descendants until 924CE.
⚫
There then follows a break until 962CE, and the coronation of Otto I. After this, the Emperor was the king of, first, the East Franks, and, later, the Germans. An electoral system ''(see article on the [[Holy Roman Empire]])'' provided kings/emperors until 1508, by which time the titles had passed firmly into the Hapsburg family, and lineal descent took over again. This was also the point at which emperors ceased to go to Rome, and technically became simple emperors-elect.


⚫
There then follows a break until 962CE, and the coronation of Otto I. After this, the Emperor was the king of, first, the East [[Frank]]s, and, later, the [[Germany|Germans]]. An electoral system ''(see article on the [[Holy Roman Empire]])'' [[becoming king|provided kings/emperors]] until 1508, by which time the titles had passed firmly into the [[Hapsburg]] family, and lineal descent took over again. This was also the point at which emperors ceased to go to Rome, and technically became simple emperors-elect.
⚫
In practice the title of "Emperor" referred to the relationship with the Church :: to fulfil his feudal place, the title of "King" was of greater importance.

⚫
In practice the title of "Emperor" referred to the relationship with the Church :: to fulfil his [[feudal]] place, the title of "King" was of greater importance.
[[category:title]]


==Holy Roman Emperors==
(''This list is currently incomplete.'')

# [[Charlemagne|Charlemagne (Charles I)]]
# [[Louis the Pious|Louis the Pious (Louis I)]]
# [[Lothar I]]
# [[Louis II]]
# [[Charles II]]
# [[Charles III]]
# [[Guy of Spoleto]]
# [[Lambert of Spoleto]]
# [[Arnulf]]
# [[Louis III]]
# [[Berengar]]
# [[Otto I]]
# [[Otto II]]
# [[Otto III]]
# [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]]
# [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]]
# [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
# [[Henry IV]] - Rival Claimants: [[Rudolf]], [[Hermann]], [[Conrad]]
# [[Henry V]]
# [[Lothar II]]
# [[Conrad III]]
# [[Frederick Barbarossa|Frederick I Barbarossa]]

==References==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269851/Holy-Roman-Empire/276890/Holy-Roman-emperors Encyclopedia Britannica: Holy Roman Empire]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor Wikipedia: Holy Roman Emperor]

Latest revision as of 08:20, 8 May 2013

The Holy Roman Emperor was, in effect, a misnomer in spades. He was holy only because (in general) he took the title only after being crowned by the Pope in Rome. The Roman had little or nothing to do with Rome itself, and far more to do with the claim of the Popes to be empowered to pass on the potentia of the classic Roman emperors to a new monarch. And he was a king rather than an emperor.

The first post-Roman emperor so declared was Charlemagne or Charles the Great, who was crowned by Pope Leo III in 800CE as part of a deal whereby he agreed to champion and protect the Catholic Church. With a brief interregnum (891-898) whilst the Dukes of Spoleto tussled over the crown of Italy, the imperial crown passed to Charles' descendants until 924CE.

There then follows a break until 962CE, and the coronation of Otto I. After this, the Emperor was the king of, first, the East Franks, and, later, the Germans. An electoral system (see article on the Holy Roman Empire) provided kings/emperors until 1508, by which time the titles had passed firmly into the Hapsburg family, and lineal descent took over again. This was also the point at which emperors ceased to go to Rome, and technically became simple emperors-elect.

In practice the title of "Emperor" referred to the relationship with the Church :: to fulfil his feudal place, the title of "King" was of greater importance.


Holy Roman Emperors

(This list is currently incomplete.)

  1. Charlemagne (Charles I)
  2. Louis the Pious (Louis I)
  3. Lothar I
  4. Louis II
  5. Charles II
  6. Charles III
  7. Guy of Spoleto
  8. Lambert of Spoleto
  9. Arnulf
  10. Louis III
  11. Berengar
  12. Otto I
  13. Otto II
  14. Otto III
  15. Henry II
  16. Conrad II
  17. Henry III
  18. Henry IV - Rival Claimants: Rudolf, Hermann, Conrad
  19. Henry V
  20. Lothar II
  21. Conrad III
  22. Frederick I Barbarossa

References

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