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...ric]]) that produces thrust when wind pushes up against the surface of the material. Sails were used in the construction of some [[boat]]s and most [[ship]]s b ...ing]] [[longship]]s had square sails made of [[wool]] likely coated with a material to render them more effective.

Usually a narrow strip of material, such as [[leather]], that is used for binding or securing objects. It ofte It can also be a long thin strip of material used for [[flogging]].

...fically [[gambeson]]s). It is assumed that this is some kind of waterproof material (used by [[sailor]]s etc), but no-one is sure exactly how the [[linen]] was

...e material to crack (in the case of [[stone]]) or two tighter the fit of a material into another (ie when fitting the [[handle]] of an [[axe]]). ...e [[blade]] of the [[chisel]] along and into the surface to remove the end material. Taper the end slightly to that it fits into the channel in the [[wood]] ea

==Material==

An '''awl''' is basically a sharpened piece of material attached to a handle (usually of [[wood]]) and used to pierce other materia A straight [[diamond section]] blade is common from the [[medieval]] material but modern [[leather|leatherworkers]] usually use a curved awl with a ovoid

...ials such as tow, rags etc. They might be also have other more substantial material such as [[horn]] stuffed in them as well and could be richly covered in exp

'''Closed-cell foam''' is a modern material in common use in the [[SCA]], usually in the construction of [[armour]] and [[Thrusting tip]]s are usually made of this material, and [[axe|axeheads]] or the ends of [[glaive|polearms]] are increasingly b

...e from the skin of [[cow|calves]] that was used in [[period]] as a writing material. It is the fact that calf skin is used that differentiates it from [[parchm

...rial. Simply saying something is made out of canvas does not indicate what material the canvas is made from.

'''Sinew''' is the tough, fibrous material can connects bones to muscles. It is sometimes used in the production of [[

'''Parchment''' is a material for the pages of a [[book]] or [[codex]] made from fine [[cow|calf]] skin, ...p?action=displaycat&catid=1253 papyrus] as demand rose, and the reed-based material became more expensive.

*'''Sheet:''' Higher numbers mean thinner material. Armour in [[period]] would vary between 22 gauge, up to at least 10 gauge It is important to note that material manufacturers allow a degree of variance in their products. Therefore, a sh

Saws are toothed [[blade|blades]] pushed or pulled through a material in order to cut it. ...n thin and needed to be kept under tension as they were pulled through the material being cut.

...te pieces of [[fabric]] together by repeatedly forcing a thread of another material through both items. This process forms a [[stitch]].

...pposed to the drawn thread work (or Reticella) in which you started from a material and removed bits.

...e where a [[wood]]en frame is made and the gaps are filled with some other material (usually [[clay]] but sometimes [[stone]] or [[plaster]]).

...hing]] based on extent patterns in appropriate weight and type of [[fabric|material]]s. ...are acceptable if the blend is greatly favoured in bias of the historical material but 100% fabrics of the right weight are preferred.

...tchfork''' is a device used for the moving of loose vegetation, particular material such as [[hay]] and [[barley]]. It consists of a [[wood]]en shaft with a he

...a Shovel.]]A '''shovel''' is a digging [[tool]] that is designed to remove material from a pile or hole. In general they have a greater curve in their face and

This is the material of choice for most [[SCA]] [[weapons]] (although some others are used).

...s of tougher fabric such as linen. It might also be made of many layers of material. One source indicates that 30 layers of linen make a sufficient garment.

...portant issue despite the current trends towards casual copying of others' material. The punishments for this can be severe so you should think twice before yo

...lly the needle is used for [[sewing]] where the needle is driven through a material such as [[leather]] or [[fabric|cloth]] and a thread such as [[linen]], [[w

It is not a period material and is readily distinguishable from [[steel]] [[armour]] by this very shiny

...s are the epiphysis, which are generally composed of cancellous ("spongy") material and red marrow.

...ed to the drawn thread work (or [[Reticella]]) in which you started from a material and removed bits.

...ess of forming a "[[braid]]" - a cord, rope, or ribbon from some long thin material such as [[thread]], hair, or even smaller cord, rope, or ribbon. [[Braiding

A '''bale''' is a block of compressed organic material ([[hay]] or straw), sometimes physically bound together.

== Material Culture ==

...Ulmus glabra'') was frequently used for [[longbow]]s although the prefered material was [[yew]].

A '''coin''' is a piece of hard material, traditionally [[metal]] (especially [[silver]] or [[gold]]) and usually in

[[category:reference material]]

...[[shank]] of a [[rivet]] such that it can no longer slide out of whatever material it is inserted into.

A '''chisel''' is a [[tool]] with a flat, sharpened end used to remove material from [[wood]], [[metal]] or [[stone]]. The sharpened edge is typically made

Along with the privilege of (and material benefits to) holding a fief, the fief-holder would be obliged to give [[lea

...ment]] and usually that is pushed through a gap (''[[buttonhole]]'') in a material so as to act as a fastener. They may also be used for decoration.

'''Crossguards''' are a section of material, usually but not always, [[metal]] that crosses the [[blade]] near the [[hi

The word '''fabric''' refers to any sheet of material made by [[weaving]] things together. This means that [[chainmaille]] is a f

...dimensional objects such as vases. [[Mortar]] is used to secure the mosaic material to the surface and [[grout]] is used to fill the gaps between the pieces.

* Material sources ([[metal]], [[leather]], [[cloth]])

...d onto the body and belted with the [[pleat]]s in place and the end of the material flipped over the shoulder and tied around the arm. * belted, pinned and the top corners tucked backwards, under the material lying on the shoulders (to leave the arms free)

...o make fine cloth, tow to make coarse cloth, and also unspun as a stuffing material. ...these reasons white or unbleached linen was the favoured, and most common material for [[underwear]] for both [[medieval]] men and women. [[Hemp]], [[Nettle

...e that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied, or a material that imparts colour to other substances (e.g. [[food]], [[fabric]], skin, [

'''Tunnel stitches''' are a type of stitch that enters one side of a material and exits back out the same side without passing through to the opposite si

Gamboised cuisses could be covered in rich [[fabric|material]]s such as [[silk]] or [[velvet]] and could be embroidered. This would indi

Piece of material (especially [[metal]]), that is much thinner than either of its other dimen

...ames.html SCA College of Arms - Name Articles] (a directory of educational material regarding names, naming practices and related subjects)

On the other side was a costly silk material;<br>

...poisonous if ingested, inhaled or come in contact with skin. Research each material carefully before EVEN ATTEMPTING to handle the pigment in dry or liquid for *'''black (from plant material)''' - derived from charred wood, twigs, pits, nut shells, etc.