Food preservation
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A number of methods of preserving food existed in medieval times:
Keeping food alive
In 12th Century homes, it was considered desirable to have a vivarium in which live fish might be kept until it was time to eat them. (Holmes 1952 p93)
Drying
Many foods can be dried (like Beef Jerky).
Salting
Many foods can be salted and preserved, this works well with meats and fish.
In brine solution
Fish might be pickled in brine (salt water) before use. (Holmes 1952, p93)
Smoking
Many meats can be smoked, such as salmon.
Cooking it in crusts
For more information see Del's article on preservation of meat in the form of pies of parys, and food preservation in general: Pyes_de_pares.pdf