William the Lion: Difference between revisions
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'''William I''', '''William the Lion''', was brother to [[Malcolm IV]] and succeeded him as [[king]] of [[Scotland]]. |
'''William I''', '''William the Lion''', was brother to [[Malcolm IV]] and succeeded him as [[king]] of [[Scotland]]. |
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He was born in 1143, and succeeded in 1165, reigning |
He was born in 1143, and succeeded in 1165, reigning for the then-unheard-of period of 50 years. His ''sobriquet'' arises not from any especial martial prowess, but because his [[standard]] was a red [[lion]] on a [[gold]] [[field|background]], which later became the national [[arms]] of the Scots kingdom. |
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In 1168 he made an alliance of mutual defence, with Louis VII of [[France]], which would shape Scots history for centuries to come. |
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He was captured by the [[England|English]] in 1174 and taken to Falaise in [[France]] to be imprisoned. As he was unmarried and his brother David had been captured with him, he faced the possible extinction of the Scottish royal house. On this basis, he was compelled to acknowledge the English king, [[Henry II]], as his feudal overlord, and to agree to pay ransom for his release, and the cost of an English army of occupation, by means of taxation on his subjects. This humiliating and beggaring provision was only lifted by Henry's successor, [[Richard I]], on the payment of 10,000 silver marks (Richard being in need of funds to support his [[Crusade]] to liberate [[Jerusalem]]. |
In 1168 he made an alliance of mutual defence, with [[Louis VII]] of [[France]], which would shape Scots history for centuries to come. He was captured by the [[England|English]] in 1174 and taken to Falaise in [[France]] to be imprisoned. As he was unmarried and his brother David had been captured with him, he faced the possible extinction of the Scottish [[royal]] house. On this basis, he was compelled to acknowledge the English king, [[Henry II]], as his [[feudalism|feudal]] overlord, and to agree to pay [[ransom]] for his release, and the cost of an English [[army]] of occupation, by means of [[taxation]] on his subjects. This humiliating and beggaring provision was only lifted by Henry's successor, [[Richard I]], on the payment of 10,000 silver [[coinage|marks]] (Richard being in need of funds to support his [[Crusade]] to liberate [[Jerusalem]]). |
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| ⚫ | In 1186 he married Ermengarde de Beaumont, a grand-daughter of the English [[Henry I]]. Their marriage produced 3 daughters, who were later taken to [[England]] by King [[John Lackland|John]], and married to English [[noble]]men (the |
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| ⚫ | In 1186 he married Ermengarde de Beaumont, a grand-daughter of the English [[Henry I]]. Their [[marriage]] produced 3 daughters, who were later taken to [[England]] by King [[John Lackland|John]], and married to English [[noble]]men (the [[Earl]]s of Kent, Norfolk, and Pembroke) and a son [[Alexander II|Alexander]] who [[becoming king|succeeded his father]] on his death in 1214. |
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{{Scottish Monarch | ruler = William the Lion | predecessor = [[Malcolm IV]] | successor = [[Alexander II]] | reign = 1165-1214}} |
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[[category:monarchs (medieval)]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:42, 27 July 2005
William I, William the Lion, was brother to Malcolm IV and succeeded him as king of Scotland.
He was born in 1143, and succeeded in 1165, reigning for the then-unheard-of period of 50 years. His sobriquet arises not from any especial martial prowess, but because his standard was a red lion on a gold background, which later became the national arms of the Scots kingdom.
In 1168 he made an alliance of mutual defence, with Louis VII of France, which would shape Scots history for centuries to come. He was captured by the English in 1174 and taken to Falaise in France to be imprisoned. As he was unmarried and his brother David had been captured with him, he faced the possible extinction of the Scottish royal house. On this basis, he was compelled to acknowledge the English king, Henry II, as his feudal overlord, and to agree to pay ransom for his release, and the cost of an English army of occupation, by means of taxation on his subjects. This humiliating and beggaring provision was only lifted by Henry's successor, Richard I, on the payment of 10,000 silver marks (Richard being in need of funds to support his Crusade to liberate Jerusalem).
In 1186 he married Ermengarde de Beaumont, a grand-daughter of the English Henry I. Their marriage produced 3 daughters, who were later taken to England by King John, and married to English noblemen (the Earls of Kent, Norfolk, and Pembroke) and a son Alexander who succeeded his father on his death in 1214.
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Scottish kings
William the Lion |
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|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Malcolm IV |
Reigned 1165-1214 |
Succeeded by Alexander II |
