https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&feed=atom&action=historySecond Crusade - Revision history2024-03-29T12:33:28ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.3https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=40622&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* The Council of Acre */2010-06-24T21:47:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The Council of Acre</span></span></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the hardships of the march and sea voyage<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del> [[Antioch]], held by the sophisticated [[Occitan]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del> [[Raymond of Poitiers]], seemed like a vision of heaven. Eleanor of Aquitaine in particular enjoyed the company of her uncle so much it was rumoured that an affair was taking place, much to the displeasure of her husband. He quickly decamped with his wife and hurried on to [[Acre]], where the leaders of the Crusade and the [[Crusader States]] would hold a council.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When the powerful gathered at Acre they were met with the news that Zengi, whose successful campaign at Edessa had triggered the Crusade, was dead. However his successor, [[Nur ad-Din]], was an even more formidable foe and it looked unlikely that Edessa could be redeemed from the [[Muslim]]s. Despite this, [[Melisende]] had a definite intention to use the large army which she was now required to support. Unfortunately it quickly became apparent that the Western Crusaders had little grasp of the subtle politics of the region, and after much deliberation they set their sights on [[Damascus]]... an [[Islam]]ic ally of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When the powerful gathered at Acre they were met with the news that Zengi, whose successful campaign at Edessa had triggered the Crusade, was dead. However his successor, [[Nur ad-Din]], was an even more formidable foe and it looked unlikely that Edessa could be redeemed from the [[Muslim]]s. Despite this, [[Melisende]] had a definite intention to use the large army which she was now required to support. Unfortunately it quickly became apparent that the Western Crusaders had little grasp of the subtle politics of the region, and after much deliberation they set their sights on [[Damascus]]... an [[Islam]]ic ally of the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37971&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* Calling the Crusade */2008-08-01T05:38:11Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Calling the Crusade</span></span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Queen]] [[Melisende]] of Jerusalem called for help, and [[Pope]] [[Eugene III]] obligingly issued the [[papal bull]] now known as the ''Quantum praedecessores'' from the first words of the bull: ''Quantum praedecessores nostri Romani pontifices pro liberatione Orientalis Ecclesiae laboraverunt, antiquorum relatione didicimus, et in gestis eorum scriptum reperimus.'' – in [[English]], "How much our predecessors the Roman pontiffs did labour for the deliverance of the oriental church, we have learned from the accounts of the ancients and have found it written in their acts."</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Likewise, [[Raymond of Poitiers]], Prince of [[Antioch]] sent a separate plea for assistance to his niece, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], who was Queen of [[France]] and [[Duchess]] of [[Aquitaine]]. She chose to accompany her husband [[Louis <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">VII</ins>]] on the crusade, along with the flower of the French nobility.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Remembering the successful preaching of [[Urban II]] which triggered the First Crusade, [[Eugene III]], a clever man but no orator himself, sent [[Archbishop]] [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] to preach to the nobility of France and [[Germany]] at a council in [[Vezelay]]. There, in a carefully planned event, he preached the Crusade and triggered a furor -- so much so that the cloth crosses he had prepared to hand out fell short of demand, and he ripped his own cloak to pieces to provide more.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Remembering the successful preaching of [[Urban II]] which triggered the First Crusade, [[Eugene III]], a clever man but no orator himself, sent [[Archbishop]] [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] to preach to the nobility of France and [[Germany]] at a council in [[Vezelay]]. There, in a carefully planned event, he preached the Crusade and triggered a furor -- so much so that the cloth crosses he had prepared to hand out fell short of demand, and he ripped his own cloak to pieces to provide more.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37970&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* The French */2008-08-01T05:37:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The French</span></span></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Louis <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the Pious</del>]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del> following hard on the Germans' heels, learned of their shocking defeat and stuck to the recommended coastal route. Conrad attempted to stay with the army, but his wounds were bad and he was evacuated to Constantinople, where Emperor Manuel took personal care of him. This left Louis in nominal command of the entire force of some 15,000 French and the rump of the Germans, another 2,000. In reality, however, he was a weak and ineffectual leader who cared more about prayer than warfare, and he was unable to effectively seize the reigns of power. Decisions about the route of march quickly became a matter of argument by the various lords and and consensus was impossible to come by -- the army was effectively being run by a committee. Worse, they were burdened by thousands of non-combatant [[pilgrim]]s fed by Louis and slowed by the large entourage of royal ladies accompanying Eleanor, made very poor time indeed. In addition, Louis began to behave in an increasingly eccentric manner, frequently possessed of religious visions and refusing to bathe as a mortification of his flesh.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Louis <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">VII</ins>]] following hard on the Germans' heels, learned of their shocking defeat and stuck to the recommended coastal route. Conrad attempted to stay with the army, but his wounds were bad and he was evacuated to Constantinople, where Emperor Manuel took personal care of him. This left Louis in nominal command of the entire force of some 15,000 French and the rump of the Germans, another 2,000. In reality, however, he was a weak and ineffectual leader who cared more about prayer than warfare, and he was unable to effectively seize the reigns of power. Decisions about the route of march quickly became a matter of argument by the various lords and and consensus was impossible to come by -- the army was effectively being run by a committee. Worse, they were burdened by thousands of non-combatant [[pilgrim]]s fed by Louis and slowed by the large entourage of royal ladies accompanying Eleanor, made very poor time indeed. In addition, Louis began to behave in an increasingly eccentric manner, frequently possessed of religious visions and refusing to bathe as a mortification of his flesh.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the unwieldy column began marching through, the Crusaders came to distrust their Byzantine allies. Price-gouging, poor information and a suspicious (at least to the [[Frank]]s) willingness to cooperate with local Turks caused a serious rift between the Byzantines and the Crusaders. When the army reached [[Attalia]] after hard fighting, they found that their Byzantine guides had deserted them.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37969&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* The Germans */2008-08-01T05:35:26Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The Germans</span></span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The Germans==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Led by [[Conrad III]] of Germany, and his nephew Frederick Barbarossa, a force of some 20,000 men marched across Europe in 1147, aiming to meet up with the smaller French force at [[Constantinople]]. Unfortunately, no one had informed the Byzantine Emperor, [[Manuel I]] Comnenus, who learned of the approaching army with some trepidation. Although the German force passed through Hungary without incident, once in Byzantine territory the army began to loot and steal what they wanted. Although Conrad himself acknowledged that his troops were out of control, when Manuel politely suggested heading directly to [[Asia Minor]] rather than tarrying in [[Constantinople]]. Conrad ignored the suggestion and moved into one of the emperor's minor palaces, which was so ill-used that he was obliged to vacate the unlivable wreckage within a week.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Led by [[Conrad III]] of Germany, and his nephew <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Frederick Barbarossa<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, a force of some 20,000 men marched across Europe in 1147, aiming to meet up with the smaller French force at [[Constantinople]]. Unfortunately, no one had informed the Byzantine Emperor, [[Manuel I]] Comnenus, who learned of the approaching army with some trepidation. Although the German force passed through Hungary without incident, once in Byzantine territory the army began to loot and steal what they wanted. Although Conrad himself acknowledged that his troops were out of control, when Manuel politely suggested heading directly to [[Asia Minor]] rather than tarrying in [[Constantinople]]. Conrad ignored the suggestion and moved into one of the emperor's minor palaces, which was so ill-used that he was obliged to vacate the unlivable wreckage within a week.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although they waited long enough for the French force to come near, the Germans were ferried across the [[Bosporus]] and headed inland without French reinforcement. Ignoring the good advice that they should keep close to the coastline (where Manuel could resupply the army by sea), the Germans marched inland in October of 1147 on the direct route to [[Dorylaeum]], scene of a battle of the First Crusade. </div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although they waited long enough for the French force to come near, the Germans were ferried across the [[Bosporus]] and headed inland without French reinforcement. Ignoring the good advice that they should keep close to the coastline (where Manuel could resupply the army by sea), the Germans marched inland in October of 1147 on the direct route to [[Dorylaeum]], scene of a battle of the First Crusade. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With few supplies and little water, the German force quickly faced great hardship, and when a stream at Dorylaeum was found the army's discipline (never of the best) disintegrated into a near-riot as the Crusaders scrambled for water. Seeing their chance, a large [[Turk]]ish force waiting in ambush swept down on the rabble without warning and the result was an appalling massacre. Conrad had escaped alive (albeit wounded) along with Frederick Barbarossa, most of the other leading lords of the German force were left on the field; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a</del> handful of Germans fought their way free of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">slaughters</del>, only to have to retrace their parched and hungry march back to the coast to join the French. Of the 20,000 Germans who marched into Asia Minor, only 2,000 straggled back to the Bosporus.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With few supplies and little water, the German force quickly faced great hardship, and when a stream at Dorylaeum was found the army's discipline (never of the best) disintegrated into a near-riot as the Crusaders scrambled for water. Seeing their chance, a large [[Turk]]ish force waiting in ambush swept down on the rabble without warning and the result was an appalling massacre. Conrad had escaped alive (albeit wounded) along with Frederick Barbarossa, most of the other leading lords of the German force were left on the field; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bare</ins> handful of Germans fought their way free of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">slaughter</ins>, only to have to retrace their parched and hungry march back to the coast to join the French. Of the 20,000 Germans who marched into Asia Minor, only<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> some</ins> 2,000 straggled back to the Bosporus.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37968&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* The French */2008-08-01T00:24:36Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The French</span></span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The French==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The French==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Louis the Pious]], following hard on the Germans' heels, learned of their shocking defeat and stuck to the recommended coastal route. Conrad attempted to stay with the army, but his wounds were bad and he was evacuated to Constantinople, where Emperor Manuel took personal care of him. This left Louis in nominal command of the entire force of some 15,000 French and the rump of the Germans, another 2,000. In reality, however, he was a weak and ineffectual leader who cared more about prayer than warfare, and he was unable to effectively seize the reigns of power. Decisions about the route of march quickly became a matter of argument by the various lords and and consensus was impossible to come by -- the army was effectively being run by a committee. Worse, they <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">army,</del> burdened by thousands of non-combatant [[pilgrim]]s fed by Louis and slowed by the large entourage of royal ladies accompanying Eleanor, made very poor time indeed. In addition, Louis began to behave in an increasingly eccentric manner, frequently possessed of religious visions and refusing to bathe as a mortification of his flesh.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Louis the Pious]], following hard on the Germans' heels, learned of their shocking defeat and stuck to the recommended coastal route. Conrad attempted to stay with the army, but his wounds were bad and he was evacuated to Constantinople, where Emperor Manuel took personal care of him. This left Louis in nominal command of the entire force of some 15,000 French and the rump of the Germans, another 2,000. In reality, however, he was a weak and ineffectual leader who cared more about prayer than warfare, and he was unable to effectively seize the reigns of power. Decisions about the route of march quickly became a matter of argument by the various lords and and consensus was impossible to come by -- the army was effectively being run by a committee. Worse, they <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were</ins> burdened by thousands of non-combatant [[pilgrim]]s fed by Louis and slowed by the large entourage of royal ladies accompanying Eleanor, made very poor time indeed. In addition, Louis began to behave in an increasingly eccentric manner, frequently possessed of religious visions and refusing to bathe as a mortification of his flesh.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the unwieldy column began marching through, the Crusaders came to distrust their Byzantine allies. Price-gouging, poor information and a suspicious (at least to the [[Frank]]s) willingness to cooperate with local Turks caused a serious rift between the Byzantines and the Crusaders. When the army reached [[Attalia]] after hard fighting, they found that their Byzantine guides had deserted them.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the unwieldy column began marching through, the Crusaders came to distrust their Byzantine allies. Price-gouging, poor information and a suspicious (at least to the [[Frank]]s) willingness to cooperate with local Turks caused a serious rift between the Byzantines and the Crusaders. When the army reached [[Attalia]] after hard fighting, they found that their Byzantine guides had deserted them.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37966&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* Calling the Crusade */2008-07-31T23:27:06Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Calling the Crusade</span></span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The primary focus of the Second Crusade was in the [[Holy Land]]. The first of the [[Crusader States]], the County of Edessa, was conquered after a [[siege]] by Zengi, [[Atabeg]] of [[Mosul]]. The Count of Edessa, [[Joscelin II]], was dispossessed of almost all his [[domain]], except for the fortress of [[Turbessel]] on the Euphrates, his subjects (mostly [[Armenian]] [[Christian]]s sold into [[slave]]ry, and the valuable [[felt]] trade of the region (essential to making [[gambeson]]s) were now in the hands of the Muslims. Worse, the Crusader States were now open to invasion from the east. </div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The primary focus of the Second Crusade was in the [[Holy Land]]. The first of the [[Crusader States]], the County of Edessa, was conquered after a [[siege]] by Zengi, [[Atabeg]] of [[Mosul]]. The Count of Edessa, [[Joscelin II]], was dispossessed of almost all his [[domain]], except for the fortress of [[Turbessel]] on the Euphrates, his subjects (mostly [[Armenian]] [[Christian]]s sold into [[slave]]ry, and the valuable [[felt]] trade of the region (essential to making [[gambeson]]s) were now in the hands of the Muslims. Worse, the Crusader States were now open to invasion from the east. </div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Queen]] [[Melisende]] of Jerusalem called for help, and [[Pope]] [[Eugene III]] obligingly issued the [[papal bull]] now known as the ''Quantum praedecessores'' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del>from the first words of the bull: ''Quantum praedecessores nostri Romani pontifices pro liberatione Orientalis Ecclesiae laboraverunt, antiquorum relatione didicimus, et in gestis eorum scriptum reperimus.'' – in [[English]], "How much our predecessors the Roman pontiffs did labour for the deliverance of the oriental church, we have learned from the accounts of the ancients and have found it written in their acts."</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Queen]] [[Melisende]] of Jerusalem called for help, and [[Pope]] [[Eugene III]] obligingly issued the [[papal bull]] now known as the ''Quantum praedecessores'' from the first words of the bull: ''Quantum praedecessores nostri Romani pontifices pro liberatione Orientalis Ecclesiae laboraverunt, antiquorum relatione didicimus, et in gestis eorum scriptum reperimus.'' – in [[English]], "How much our predecessors the Roman pontiffs did labour for the deliverance of the oriental church, we have learned from the accounts of the ancients and have found it written in their acts."</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Likewise, [[Raymond of Poitiers]], Prince of [[Antioch]] sent a separate plea for assistance to his niece, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], who was Queen of [[France]] and [[Duchess]] of [[Aquitaine]]. She chose to accompany her husband [[Louis the Pious]] on the crusade, along with the flower of the French nobility.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Likewise, [[Raymond of Poitiers]], Prince of [[Antioch]] sent a separate plea for assistance to his niece, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], who was Queen of [[France]] and [[Duchess]] of [[Aquitaine]]. She chose to accompany her husband [[Louis the Pious]] on the crusade, along with the flower of the French nobility.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37965&oldid=prevPaul Matisz at 23:26, 31 July 20082008-07-31T23:26:45Z<p></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Second Crusade''' (1145-1149) was launched in 1145 in response to the fall of the [[County]] of [[Edessa]] to the [[Muslim]] leader [[Zengi]] a year earlier. It was the first crusade led by prominent European [[monarch]]s rather than by lesser lords and established a trend for later Crusades. Originally intended as a reinforcement of the [[Crusader States]], the Crusade spawned separate actions [[Reconquista|in Iberia]] and [[Northern Crusades|northern Europe]]; although these are sometimes considered part of the Second Crusade, they<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> are</del> were distinct campaigns.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Second Crusade''' (1145-1149) was launched in 1145 in response to the fall of the [[County]] of [[Edessa]] to the [[Muslim]] leader [[Zengi]] a year earlier. It was the first crusade led by prominent European [[monarch]]s rather than by lesser lords and established a trend for later Crusades. Originally intended as a reinforcement of the [[Crusader States]], the Crusade spawned separate actions [[Reconquista|in Iberia]] and [[Northern Crusades|northern Europe]]; although these are sometimes considered part of the Second Crusade, they were distinct campaigns.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37964&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* See Also */2008-07-31T23:26:08Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">See Also</span></span></p>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37963&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* Aftermath */2008-07-31T23:25:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Aftermath</span></span></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When the beaten Frankish army returned to Jerusalem in 1149 the various [[European]] lords began making plans to go home. Louis, ever pious, made an extensive tour of the holy sites of the city and then returned to France. The Second Crusade had been a particular disaster for him, as to the whole world his military ineptitude<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> was made clear</del> and he was widely regarded as a cuckold, owing to his flamboyant wife's indiscretions with her uncle. Indeed, shortly after returning to [[France]] the two would have their marriage annulled.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>When the beaten Frankish army returned to Jerusalem in 1149 the various [[European]] lords began making plans to go home. Louis, ever pious, made an extensive tour of the holy sites of the city and then returned to France. The Second Crusade had been a particular disaster for him, as to the whole world<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> witnessed</ins> his military ineptitude and he was widely regarded as a cuckold, owing to his flamboyant wife's<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> rumoured</ins> indiscretions with her uncle. Indeed, shortly after returning to [[France]] the two would have their marriage annulled.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the [[Crusader States]] it was a disaster as well. The betrayal of Damascus proved only to unify the Muslim world in their distrust of the [[Christian]] Franks, and laid the groundwork for the rise of [[Saladin]] and the fall of [[Jerusalem]] some forty years later; Edessa, first of the Crusader States, would never be recaptured. in the short term, the failed campaign brought chaos in its wake: Raymond of Tripoli would be assassinated in Tripoli, which in turn triggered a massacre of the city's Muslim population. Baldwin began a struggle for independence from his mother's rule, attempting to seize sole control over the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. And the Western Franks would never again trust the Byzantine Greeks, and indeed began to despise them, which would have serious repercussions during the [[Fourth Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For the [[Crusader States]] it was a disaster as well. The betrayal of Damascus proved only to unify the Muslim world in their distrust of the [[Christian]] Franks, and laid the groundwork for the rise of [[Saladin]] and the fall of [[Jerusalem]] some forty years later; Edessa, first of the Crusader States, would never be recaptured. in the short term, the failed campaign brought chaos in its wake: Raymond of Tripoli would be assassinated in Tripoli, which in turn triggered a massacre of the city's Muslim population. Baldwin began a struggle for independence from his mother's rule, attempting to seize sole control over the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. And the Western Franks would never again trust the Byzantine Greeks, and indeed began to despise them, which would have serious repercussions during the [[Fourth Crusade]].</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Second_Crusade&diff=37961&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: /* The French */2008-07-31T23:24:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The French</span></span></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Louis the Pious]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">having</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">learned</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of</del> the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">shocking</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">defeat</del> of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Germans,</del> stuck to the recommended coastal route. Conrad attempted to stay with the army, but his wounds were bad and he was evacuated to Constantinople, where Emperor Manuel took personal care of him. This left Louis in nominal command of the entire force of some 15,000 French and the rump of the Germans, another 2,000. In reality, however, he was a weak and ineffectual leader who cared more about prayer than warfare, and he was unable to effectively seize the reigns of power. Decisions about the route of march quickly became a matter of argument by the various lords and and consensus was impossible to come by -- the army was effectively being run by a committee. Worse, they army, burdened by thousands of non-combatant [[pilgrim]]s fed by Louis and slowed by the large entourage of royal ladies accompanying Eleanor, made very poor time indeed. In addition, Louis began to behave in an increasingly eccentric manner, frequently possessed of religious visions and refusing to bathe as a mortification of his flesh.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Louis the Pious]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">following</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hard</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on</ins> the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Germans'</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">heels, learned</ins> of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">their</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">shocking defeat and</ins> stuck to the recommended coastal route. Conrad attempted to stay with the army, but his wounds were bad and he was evacuated to Constantinople, where Emperor Manuel took personal care of him. This left Louis in nominal command of the entire force of some 15,000 French and the rump of the Germans, another 2,000. In reality, however, he was a weak and ineffectual leader who cared more about prayer than warfare, and he was unable to effectively seize the reigns of power. Decisions about the route of march quickly became a matter of argument by the various lords and and consensus was impossible to come by -- the army was effectively being run by a committee. Worse, they army, burdened by thousands of non-combatant [[pilgrim]]s fed by Louis and slowed by the large entourage of royal ladies accompanying Eleanor, made very poor time indeed. In addition, Louis began to behave in an increasingly eccentric manner, frequently possessed of religious visions and refusing to bathe as a mortification of his flesh.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the unwieldy column began marching through, the Crusaders came to distrust their Byzantine allies. Price-gouging, poor information and a suspicious (at least to the [[Frank]]s) willingness to cooperate with local Turks caused a serious rift between the Byzantines and the Crusaders. When the army reached [[Attalia]] after hard fighting, they found that their Byzantine guides had deserted them.</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matisz