Pigment: Difference between revisions
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A '''pigment''' is generally understood as a colored particle that is usually ground down to powder form to help distribute evenly and easily in a variety of uses. Pigments, unlike [[dye]]s, are insoluble in a liquid vehicle or binder. Colored or colorless pigment particles can be dyed to create a '''pigment lake''', in which the resulting color is the combination of pigment and dye. Pigments can be used to make [[ink]]s, [[paint]], [[food]], [[textile]]s and [[cosmetic]]s. |
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the colour that is in [[dyes]]. the pigment is what gets into or onto the material that changes its colour. |
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=Period pigments= |
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Often pigments used to colour textiles or food are called [[dyestuffs]], pigments used to write [[ink]]s and pigments used for painting [[paints]] or just pigments. |
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'''NOTE: Pigments in powder form are more easily inhaled and thus are dangerous to handle. Many pigments listed here are extremely toxic and poisonous if ingested, inhaled or come in contact with skin. Research each material carefully before EVEN ATTEMPTING to handle the pigment in dry or liquid form.''' |
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Dyestuffs tend to be solids that are soaked in water to extract them, and then [[fibre]]s are added which soak up the water soluble dye. A [[mordant]] is added as a setting agent to make the [[dye]] stick to the fibre. |
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Paints tend to require more opacity than dyes. The same ingredient from the dyestuff may be used, but fine sawdust or other filler agents (eg rag scrapings) are added to give the dye bulk. This pigment is intended to mostly sit on the surface of the object, not soak through it. Extra ingredients are availible as paints eg ground lapis lazuli, that do not have water soluble colour, they only need to be ground fine enough to be able to be picked upwith a paintbrush. |
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==[[Black]]s== |
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*'''black (from plant material)''' - derived from charred wood, twigs, pits, nut shells, etc. |
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*'''ivory/bone black''' - derived from charred animal bone and/or ivory |
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*'''lamp black''' - derived from the soot of burning linseed oil |
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==[[Blue]]s== |
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*'''azurite''' - a blue mineral. An acceptable modern equivalent would be '''cobalt blue.''' |
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*'''ultramarine''' - lapis lazuli, a blue rock. An acceptable modern equivalent would be '''(artificial) ultramarine blue'''. |
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==[[Green]]s== |
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*'''malachite''' |
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*'''terre-verte''' - a green mineral. The English name for this pigment is '''green earth'''. |
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*'''verdigris''' |
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==[[Red]]s== |
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*'''cinabrese''' - a red rock, a red ochre. An acceptable modern equivalent would be '''red iron oxide'''. |
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*'''dragonsblood''' - derived from the gum of an unspecified Asian tree. |
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*'''hematite''' - a red rock, a red ochre. |
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*'''lac''' |
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*'''realgar''' - red arsenic sulfide. |
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*'''red lead''' - lead tetroxide. |
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*'''sinoper''' - a red rock, a red ochre. An acceptable modern equivalent would be '''red iron oxide'''. |
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*'''vermilion''' - mercuric sulfide. An acceptable modern equvalent would be '''cadmium red light'''. |
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==[[White]]s== |
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*'''lead white''' - lead carbonate. |
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*'''lime white''' - white derived from limestone. |
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==[[Yellow]]s== |
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*'''arzica''' |
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*'''giallorino''' |
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*'''ocher''' - a yellow rock, a yellow ochre. |
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*'''orpiment''' - arsenic sulfide. An acceptable modern equivalent would be '''cadmium yellow'''. |
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*'''saffron''' - derived from the [[saffron]] plant |
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== External Links == |
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*[http://www.noteaccess.com/Texts/Cennini/index.htm Il Libro dell'Arte (The Craftman's Handbook) by Ceninno Cennini online] |
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*[http://www.paintmaking.com/historic_pigments.htm Historic pigment list at paintmaking.com] |
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*[http://www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/paint1.html Toxicity information on pigments] |
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*[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=508 Atlantian A&S Links: Pigments & Paints] |
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[[category:colour]] |
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[[category:painting]] |
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[[category:arts]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:59, 10 September 2007
A pigment is generally understood as a colored particle that is usually ground down to powder form to help distribute evenly and easily in a variety of uses. Pigments, unlike dyes, are insoluble in a liquid vehicle or binder. Colored or colorless pigment particles can be dyed to create a pigment lake, in which the resulting color is the combination of pigment and dye. Pigments can be used to make inks, paint, food, textiles and cosmetics.
Period pigments
NOTE: Pigments in powder form are more easily inhaled and thus are dangerous to handle. Many pigments listed here are extremely toxic and poisonous if ingested, inhaled or come in contact with skin. Research each material carefully before EVEN ATTEMPTING to handle the pigment in dry or liquid form.
Blacks
- black (from plant material) - derived from charred wood, twigs, pits, nut shells, etc.
- ivory/bone black - derived from charred animal bone and/or ivory
- lamp black - derived from the soot of burning linseed oil
Blues
- azurite - a blue mineral. An acceptable modern equivalent would be cobalt blue.
- ultramarine - lapis lazuli, a blue rock. An acceptable modern equivalent would be (artificial) ultramarine blue.
Greens
- malachite
- terre-verte - a green mineral. The English name for this pigment is green earth.
- verdigris
Reds
- cinabrese - a red rock, a red ochre. An acceptable modern equivalent would be red iron oxide.
- dragonsblood - derived from the gum of an unspecified Asian tree.
- hematite - a red rock, a red ochre.
- lac
- realgar - red arsenic sulfide.
- red lead - lead tetroxide.
- sinoper - a red rock, a red ochre. An acceptable modern equivalent would be red iron oxide.
- vermilion - mercuric sulfide. An acceptable modern equvalent would be cadmium red light.
Whites
- lead white - lead carbonate.
- lime white - white derived from limestone.
Yellows
- arzica
- giallorino
- ocher - a yellow rock, a yellow ochre.
- orpiment - arsenic sulfide. An acceptable modern equivalent would be cadmium yellow.
- saffron - derived from the saffron plant
