https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&feed=atom&action=historyMiddle Ages - Revision history2024-03-29T13:27:07ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.3https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=36236&oldid=prevPaul Matisz: Reverted edits by 38.117.88.77 (Talk); changed back to last version by Sarah Van Der Goes2007-11-11T04:50:41Z<p>Reverted edits by <a href="/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/38.117.88.77" title="Special:Contributions/38.117.88.77">38.117.88.77</a> (<a href="/index.php?title=User_talk:38.117.88.77&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:38.117.88.77 (page does not exist)">Talk</a>); changed back to last version by <a href="/index.php?title=User:Sarah_Van_Der_Goes" title="User:Sarah Van Der Goes">Sarah Van Der Goes</a></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>sitbasacelbo</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Middle Ages''' (adjective = '''medieval''') was the ''middle'' period in a schematic division of [[European history]] into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western [[Roman Empire]] ([[5th century]]) until the rise of national [[monarchy|monarchies]] and the beginnings of demographic and economic renewal after the [[Black Death]], [[Europe]]an overseas exploration and the cultural revival known as the [[Renaissance]] around the [[15th century]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Middle Ages''' (adjective = '''medieval''') was the ''middle'' period in a schematic division of [[European history]] into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western [[Roman Empire]] ([[5th century]]) until the rise of national [[monarchy|monarchies]] and the beginnings of demographic and economic renewal after the [[Black Death]], [[Europe]]an overseas exploration and the cultural revival known as the [[Renaissance]] around the [[15th century]].</div></td>
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</table>Paul Matiszhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=36202&oldid=prev38.117.88.77 at 11:00, 10 November 20072007-11-10T11:00:42Z<p></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Middle Ages''' (adjective = '''medieval''') was the ''middle'' period in a schematic division of [[European history]] into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western [[Roman Empire]] ([[5th century]]) until the rise of national [[monarchy|monarchies]] and the beginnings of demographic and economic renewal after the [[Black Death]], [[Europe]]an overseas exploration and the cultural revival known as the [[Renaissance]] around the [[15th century]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Middle Ages''' (adjective = '''medieval''') was the ''middle'' period in a schematic division of [[European history]] into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western [[Roman Empire]] ([[5th century]]) until the rise of national [[monarchy|monarchies]] and the beginnings of demographic and economic renewal after the [[Black Death]], [[Europe]]an overseas exploration and the cultural revival known as the [[Renaissance]] around the [[15th century]].</div></td>
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</table>38.117.88.77https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=33563&oldid=prevSarah Van Der Goes: /* Life in medieval Europe */ fixing wikis2007-07-09T03:40:47Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Life in medieval Europe: </span> fixing wikis</span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[European music]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[European music]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*** the [[troubador]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*** the [[troubador]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">murals</del>]] and [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paintings</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mural</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins> and [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">painting</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[tapestry]], and [[handicrafts]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[tapestry]], and [[handicrafts]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">books</del>]], [[manuscript]]s, scribes and the art of [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">making books</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">book</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins>, [[manuscript]]s, scribes and the art of [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bookbinding</ins>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[universities]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">university|</ins>universities]]</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[monastic orders]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[monastic orders]]</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Benedictines</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Benedictine</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carthusians</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carthusian</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cistercians</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cistercian</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* mendicant friars</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* mendicant friars</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dominicans</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dominican</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Franciscans</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Franciscan</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carmelites</del>]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carmelite</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins></div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Black Death]] and [[health]] of populations</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Black Death]] and [[health]] of populations</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[politics]] and [[religion]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[politics]] and [[religion]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Alchemy]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[everyday life]] in the Middle Ages</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[everyday life]] in the Middle Ages</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">guilds</del>]] of [[craftsmen]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">guild</ins>]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">s</ins> of [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">craftsman|</ins>craftsmen]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Danse macabre]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Danse macabre]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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</table>Sarah Van Der Goeshttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=32765&oldid=prevCian: Reverted edits by 64.229.5.66 (Talk); changed back to last version by User 1442007-05-28T03:23:41Z<p>Reverted edits by <a href="/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/64.229.5.66" title="Special:Contributions/64.229.5.66">64.229.5.66</a> (<a href="/index.php?title=User_talk:64.229.5.66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:64.229.5.66 (page does not exist)">Talk</a>); changed back to last version by <a href="/index.php?title=User:User_144" title="User:User 144">User 144</a></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:23, 28 May 2007</td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the later Roman Empire changed its form and collapsed in the West, several [[Germanic]] and later [[Slavic]] peoples and the still-powerful regional noble families of the later Empire competed for power in different parts of Europe with one another and with the surviving eastern portion of the Roman Empire (commonly called the [[Byzantine Empire]] by modern Europeans).</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The early part of the period is marked in western Europe by the greatly reduced power of centralised administration and the consequent alienation of [[government]] authority and responsibility for military organisation, [[tax]]ation and [[law]] and order at successive levels to provincial and local [[lord]]s supported directly from the proceeds of a portion of the territories over which they held military, political and judicial power. The later Middle Ages would see the regrowth of centralized power as countries came to be aware of their own national identities and strong rulers sought to expand the territory they organized under a central government. One well known version of this consolidation is known as the [[Albigensian Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The spread of [[Christian]]ity from the Mediterranean area and from [[Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] throughout Europe and the absence of any firm alternative ideological basis for power meant that ecclesiastics became deeply involved in government, and provided the basis for a first European "identity" in the form of a [[religion]] common to most of the continent from at least the [[9th century]] until the separation of the [[Catholic]] and [[Orthodox church]]es (1054).</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An example of this identity at work is the period loosely identified as the [[Crusade]]s, during which [[Pope]]s, [[king]]s, and [[emperor]]s tried to draw on Christian unity to wage [[war]] on [[Islam]], which was spreading along Europe's southern and eastern borders. Political unanimity in Europe was largely illusory, and the military support for most crusades was drawn from limited regions of Europe. Substantial areas of northern Europe also remained outside Christendom until the [[12th century|twelfth century]] or later.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is extremely difficult to decide when the Middle Ages ended, and in fact scholars assign different starting dates for the [[Renaissance]] in different parts of Europe. Most scholars who work in [[15th century]] [[Italy|Italian]] history, for instance, consider themselves Renaissance or Early Modern historians, while anyone working on [[England]] in the early 15th century is considered a medievalist. Others choose specific events, such as the Turkish capture of [[Constantinople]] or the end of the Anglo-French [[Hundred Years' War]] (both [[1453]]), or the fall of Muslim [[Spain]] or [[Christopher Columbus]]'s voyage to [[the Americas|America]] (both [[1492]]), to mark the period's end.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Similar differences are now emerging in connection with the start of the period. Traditionally, the Middle Ages is said to begin when the West Roman Empire formally ceased to exist in 476 CE. However, that date is not important in itself, since the West Roman Empire had been very weak for some time, while Roman culture was to survive at least in Italy for yet a few decades or more. Today, some date the beginning of the Middle Ages to the division and Christanisation of the Roman Empire ([[4th century]]) while others see the period to the rise of Islam ([[7th century]]) as "late Classical".</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Middle Ages in the West are often subdivided into an early period (sometimes called the "[[Dark Ages]]", at least from the fifth to eighth centuries) of shifting polities, a relatively low level of economic activity and successful incursions by non-Christian peoples (Slavs, [[Arab]]s, [[Scandinavia]]ns, [[Magyar]]s); a middle period (the High Middle Ages) of developed institutions of lordship and [[vassal]]age, [[castle]]-building and [[cavalry|mounted warfare]], and reviving urban and commercial life; and a later period of growing [[royal]] power, the rise of commercial interests and weakening customary ties of dependence, especially after the [[14th century|14th-century]] [[plague]].</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Cistercians]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* mendicant friars</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Dominicans]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Franciscans]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Carmelites]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Black Death]] and [[health]] of populations</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[politics]] and [[religion]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Alchemy]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[guilds]] of [[craftsmen]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Internal Links== </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Romanesque Architecture]]</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== External [[Garb]] Links ===</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* One theory on how to make a [[bliaut]] and one of the better methods - http://jauncourt.i8.com/bliautho.htm</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* The clothing index for Marguerie's Pages - http://jauncourt.i8.com/costume.htm</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Some Extant Clothing of the Middle Ages - http://www.virtue.to/articles/extant.html</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Some clothing of the Middle Ages, includes many sketches - http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/cloth/bockhome.html</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Marc Carlsons' Excellent site. Goes up until the end of the [[16th century]] - http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/shoe/SHOEHOME.HTM</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Comparative study of Extant garments relevant to East [[Denmark]] - http://www.forest.gen.nz/Medieval/articles/garments/garments.html</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Robin Netherton's excellent work on the [[gothic]] fitted dress - http://netherton.net/robin/</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Another way of making [[kirtle]]s - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/corikirtle.html</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ten gore dress from Herjolfnes - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/cotehardie.html</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Summary of Women's [[Cotehardie]]s - http://www.loudzen.com/users/jessica/cotehardie/index.html</div></td>
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</table>Cianhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=32759&oldid=prev64.229.5.66: Charlemagne from medival2007-05-27T23:45:36Z<p>Charlemagne from medival</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:45, 28 May 2007</td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"I do." she says, but inside she is thinking "I don't." That's how young women thought in the Middle Ages. "I fear thee hath performed a mishap by not paying thy taxes and will have to be hung." That’s what a king might say to a poor peasant. "Thou will have to do a bit of bloodletting." That's what a doctor would say to a patient. The king, the lady, and the doctor were three of the most important people in the Middle Ages. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But he lies today in a peaceful grave that lies with soothing happieness.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though the king was a very important man he had to have a way to maintain his position. He did. A smart king would give gifts to his noblemen. A king also had to have a way to have a way to control his nobility. He had that to. He would lead his army into battles and waging sucessful wars. </div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A kings vassals (lords) served loyalty, advice, and armed support to their kings. In return, the king gave them wealth and mini-kingdoms called fiefdoms.A vassal also had vassals of their own. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> All hail him 4 ever</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Usually when a king says something, people listen. But he still needs a staff of officials to make sure his orders were carried out. William I of England ruled that way.He was even called William the Conqueror because he made sure that people followed his orders and got things done. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A kings position was not always secure. Over the years, some barons grew wealthy enough to rival the king, forcing him to grant favors. King John of England found himself in that position. To stay king, he had to make a speech of promises. Part of his speech was "no freeman shall be arrested except by the law of the land. We shall refuse justice to no one."</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Lady</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lady was not considered a very important person during the Middle Ages. According to St. Jerome, a Latin father of the Christian church, woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word, a perilous object. A woman didn't get to decide much on their own. Tor example even if a man and woman didn't like each other they would be forced to marry so the families would fatten their pockets with money. And a girl under the age of ten could be married to a man of fifty or sixty! The church did not allow divorce so the wife would have to stay with her husband until he died. When he died, his widow still would be very young so her family would probably force her to marry again. That could happen about four times in her life. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An unmarried daughter was a burden to her family. They were often sent to become nuns. By sending her away, families thought they had solved their problem. Usually woman were sent away because they had fallen in love with a man her family disapproved. And so they probably felt miserable. Some woman probably felt happy because they wanted to be nuns. Here is the voice of a French woman named Heloise, who became a nun after falling in love with a man her family disliked: "It was not because felt God calling me that I came to accept the severe way of life of the cloister as a young girl. It was because of your desire alone." When Geoffrey Chaucers, a 14th century poet, wrote a poem about a nun at the head at priory, he wrote that the things she cared about most were table manners, clothes, jewlery, and her pet dogs. Although not all nuns thought that way, they might have thought similar to Chaucers nun.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lady was treated like that because according to a Greek legend the first woman, Pandora, was the one who opened the forbidden box and caused war and illness to mankind.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Doctor</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although not one of the highest people on the feudal system, the doctor was probably one of the top ten most important people in the Middle Ages, even though some people don't realize it. During the twelfth century, because of the Black Death, the doctor was probably one of the top five most important people. But, unfortunately they thought the Black Death was caused by a strange gas in the air so nearly a third of the population wiped out. Reading the above, people might think that medieval doctors weren't that smart. They were smart, but their cures were based on the way they looked at diseases and how they used superstitious beliefs. For example, a surgeon once wrote "the way to close the edges of a wound you must make ants bite on them, and then cut of their heads." The doctors would only use a certain kind of ant as a primitive form of stitches When the ant would bite, it would be almost impossible for the grip to be loosened. Doctors would use these as stitches to hold the skin together. The skin would eventually grow back to how it was, and the heads of the ants would disintegrate or be taken out.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another reason they had such far-fetched ideas was although in Greece, science had reached it's sophisticated level, in the rest of Europe people couldn't understand it until the Arabs translated the scientific texts into Latin.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though medieval medicine was partly made out of plants they also had unusual ingredients to. Some examples are dung beetles, bat droppings, and powdered earthworms. The medicines could be drunken or made into ointments.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There was also no such thing as injections, no completely safe ways to put a patient to sleep, and the connection between bad hygiene and disease had not yet been made.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Middle Ages was a very interesting part of history and there is much more to learn about besides the people. You should remember the king because he was the head of the feudal system, the lady because she was treated so badly, and the doctor </div></td>
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</table>64.229.5.66https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=32758&oldid=prev64.229.5.66 at 23:39, 27 May 20072007-05-27T23:39:31Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:39, 28 May 2007</td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"I do." she says, but inside she is thinking "I don't." That's how young women thought in the Middle Ages. "I fear thee hath performed a mishap by not paying thy taxes and will have to be hung." That’s what a king might say to a poor peasant. "Thou will have to do a bit of bloodletting." That's what a doctor would say to a patient. The king, the lady, and the doctor were three of the most important people in the Middle Ages. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Lady</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The lady was not considered a very important person during the Middle Ages. According to St. Jerome, a Latin father of the Christian church, woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word, a perilous object. A woman didn't get to decide much on their own. Tor example even if a man and woman didn't like each other they would be forced to marry so the families would fatten their pockets with money. And a girl under the age of ten could be married to a man of fifty or sixty! The church did not allow divorce so the wife would have to stay with her husband until he died. When he died, his widow still would be very young so her family would probably force her to marry again. That could happen about four times in her life. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An unmarried daughter was a burden to her family. They were often sent to become nuns. By sending her away, families thought they had solved their problem. Usually woman were sent away because they had fallen in love with a man her family disapproved. And so they probably felt miserable. Some woman probably felt happy because they wanted to be nuns. Here is the voice of a French woman named Heloise, who became a nun after falling in love with a man her family disliked: "It was not because felt God calling me that I came to accept the severe way of life of the cloister as a young girl. It was because of your desire alone." When Geoffrey Chaucers, a 14th century poet, wrote a poem about a nun at the head at priory, he wrote that the things she cared about most were table manners, clothes, jewlery, and her pet dogs. Although not all nuns thought that way, they might have thought similar to Chaucers nun.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Doctor</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Although not one of the highest people on the feudal system, the doctor was probably one of the top ten most important people in the Middle Ages, even though some people don't realize it. During the twelfth century, because of the Black Death, the doctor was probably one of the top five most important people. But, unfortunately they thought the Black Death was caused by a strange gas in the air so nearly a third of the population wiped out. Reading the above, people might think that medieval doctors weren't that smart. They were smart, but their cures were based on the way they looked at diseases and how they used superstitious beliefs. For example, a surgeon once wrote "the way to close the edges of a wound you must make ants bite on them, and then cut of their heads." The doctors would only use a certain kind of ant as a primitive form of stitches When the ant would bite, it would be almost impossible for the grip to be loosened. Doctors would use these as stitches to hold the skin together. The skin would eventually grow back to how it was, and the heads of the ants would disintegrate or be taken out.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another reason they had such far-fetched ideas was although in Greece, science had reached it's sophisticated level, in the rest of Europe people couldn't understand it until the Arabs translated the scientific texts into Latin.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though medieval medicine was partly made out of plants they also had unusual ingredients to. Some examples are dung beetles, bat droppings, and powdered earthworms. The medicines could be drunken or made into ointments.</div></td>
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</table>64.229.5.66https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=32757&oldid=prev64.229.5.66 at 23:35, 27 May 20072007-05-27T23:35:03Z<p></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The early part of the period is marked in western Europe by the greatly reduced power of centralised administration and the consequent alienation of [[government]] authority and responsibility for military organisation, [[tax]]ation and [[law]] and order at successive levels to provincial and local [[lord]]s supported directly from the proceeds of a portion of the territories over which they held military, political and judicial power. The later Middle Ages would see the regrowth of centralized power as countries came to be aware of their own national identities and strong rulers sought to expand the territory they organized under a central government. One well known version of this consolidation is known as the [[Albigensian Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This hierarchy of reciprocal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal system, binding each man to serve his superior in return for the latter's protection made for a confusion of territorial [[sovereign]]ty (as allegiances were subject to change over time, and were sometimes mutally contradictory), but the resulting ability of local arrangements to function in the absence of a strong royal power provided some resiliency in a political order distinguished by its lack of uniformity.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An example of this identity at work is the period loosely identified as the [[Crusade]]s, during which [[Pope]]s, [[king]]s, and [[emperor]]s tried to draw on Christian unity to wage [[war]] on [[Islam]], which was spreading along Europe's southern and eastern borders. Political unanimity in Europe was largely illusory, and the military support for most crusades was drawn from limited regions of Europe. Substantial areas of northern Europe also remained outside Christendom until the [[12th century|twelfth century]] or later.</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is extremely difficult to decide when the Middle Ages ended, and in fact scholars assign different starting dates for the [[Renaissance]] in different parts of Europe. Most scholars who work in [[15th century]] [[Italy|Italian]] history, for instance, consider themselves Renaissance or Early Modern historians, while anyone working on [[England]] in the early 15th century is considered a medievalist. Others choose specific events, such as the Turkish capture of [[Constantinople]] or the end of the Anglo-French [[Hundred Years' War]] (both [[1453]]), or the fall of Muslim [[Spain]] or [[Christopher Columbus]]'s voyage to [[the Americas|America]] (both [[1492]]), to mark the period's end.</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Similar differences are now emerging in connection with the start of the period. Traditionally, the Middle Ages is said to begin when the West Roman Empire formally ceased to exist in 476 CE. However, that date is not important in itself, since the West Roman Empire had been very weak for some time, while Roman culture was to survive at least in Italy for yet a few decades or more. Today, some date the beginning of the Middle Ages to the division and Christanisation of the Roman Empire ([[4th century]]) while others see the period to the rise of Islam ([[7th century]]) as "late Classical".</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Middle Ages in the West are often subdivided into an early period (sometimes called the "[[Dark Ages]]", at least from the fifth to eighth centuries) of shifting polities, a relatively low level of economic activity and successful incursions by non-Christian peoples (Slavs, [[Arab]]s, [[Scandinavia]]ns, [[Magyar]]s); a middle period (the High Middle Ages) of developed institutions of lordship and [[vassal]]age, [[castle]]-building and [[cavalry|mounted warfare]], and reviving urban and commercial life; and a later period of growing [[royal]] power, the rise of commercial interests and weakening customary ties of dependence, especially after the [[14th century|14th-century]] [[plague]].</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Life in medieval Europe ==</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[arts]] and [[cultural life]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[literature]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[poetry]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[dance]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[architecture]] and [[sculpture]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[European music]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*** the [[troubador]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[murals]] and [[paintings]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[tapestry]], and [[handicrafts]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[books]], [[manuscript]]s, scribes and the art of [[making books]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[universities]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[monastic orders]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Benedictines]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Carthusians]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Cistercians]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* mendicant friars</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Dominicans]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Franciscans]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Carmelites]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Black Death]] and [[health]] of populations</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[politics]] and [[religion]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Crusades]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Papacy]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Inquisition]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Heresy]] e.g [[John Wyclif]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Alchemy]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[everyday life]] in the Middle Ages</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[guilds]] of [[craftsmen]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>** [[Danse macabre]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Internal Links== </div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[warfare]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[fortification]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[siege weaponry]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Inquisition]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[European music]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[dance]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Pilgrimage]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Romanesque Architecture]]</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== External [[Garb]] Links ===</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* One theory on how to make a [[bliaut]] and one of the better methods - http://jauncourt.i8.com/bliautho.htm</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* The clothing index for Marguerie's Pages - http://jauncourt.i8.com/costume.htm</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Some Extant Clothing of the Middle Ages - http://www.virtue.to/articles/extant.html</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Some clothing of the Middle Ages, includes many sketches - http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/cloth/bockhome.html</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Marc Carlsons' Excellent site. Goes up until the end of the [[16th century]] - http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/shoe/SHOEHOME.HTM</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Comparative study of Extant garments relevant to East [[Denmark]] - http://www.forest.gen.nz/Medieval/articles/garments/garments.html</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Robin Netherton's excellent work on the [[gothic]] fitted dress - http://netherton.net/robin/</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Another way of making [[kirtle]]s - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/corikirtle.html</div></td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td>
</tr>
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</table>64.229.5.66https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=19077&oldid=prevUser 144: categorising2006-05-22T09:02:07Z<p>categorising</p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[warfare]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[fortification]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[fortification]]</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ten gore dress from Herjolfnes - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/cotehardie.html</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Summary of Women's [[Cotehardie]]s - http://www.loudzen.com/users/jessica/cotehardie/index.html</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Summary of Women's [[Cotehardie]]s - http://www.loudzen.com/users/jessica/cotehardie/index.html</div></td>
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</table>User 144https://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=17321&oldid=prevCian: corrected the correction, links2006-04-06T04:49:38Z<p>corrected the correction, links</p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Middle Ages''' (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">noun</del> ''medieval'') was the ''middle'' period in a schematic division of [[European history]] into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western [[Roman Empire]] ([[5th century]]) until the rise of national monarchies and the beginnings of demographic and economic renewal after the [[Black Death]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">European</del> overseas exploration and the cultural revival known as the [[Renaissance]] around the [[15th century]].</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Middle Ages''' (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adjective =</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>''medieval<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>'') was the ''middle'' period in a schematic division of [[European history]] into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western [[Roman Empire]] ([[5th century]]) until the rise of national <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[monarchy|</ins>monarchies<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> and the beginnings of demographic and economic renewal after the [[Black Death]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Europe]]an</ins> overseas exploration and the cultural revival known as the [[Renaissance]] around the [[15th century]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the later Roman Empire changed its form and collapsed in the West, several [[Germanic]] and later [[Slavic]] peoples and the still-powerful regional noble families of the later Empire competed for power in different parts of Europe with one another and with the surviving eastern portion of the Roman Empire (commonly called the [[Byzantine Empire]] by modern Europeans).</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As the later Roman Empire changed its form and collapsed in the West, several [[Germanic]] and later [[Slavic]] peoples and the still-powerful regional noble families of the later Empire competed for power in different parts of Europe with one another and with the surviving eastern portion of the Roman Empire (commonly called the [[Byzantine Empire]] by modern Europeans).</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The early part of the period is marked in western Europe by the greatly reduced power of centralised administration and the consequent alienation of government authority and responsibility for military organisation, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">taxation</del> and law and order at successive levels to provincial and local <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lords</del> supported directly from the proceeds of a portion of the territories over which they held military, political and judicial power. The later Middle Ages would see the regrowth of centralized power as countries came to be aware of their own national identities and strong rulers sought to expand the territory they organized under a central government. One well known version of this consolidation is known as the [[Albigensian Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The early part of the period is marked in western Europe by the greatly reduced power of centralised administration and the consequent alienation of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>government<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> authority and responsibility for military organisation, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[tax]]ation</ins> and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>law<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> and order at successive levels to provincial and local <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[lord]]s</ins> supported directly from the proceeds of a portion of the territories over which they held military, political and judicial power. The later Middle Ages would see the regrowth of centralized power as countries came to be aware of their own national identities and strong rulers sought to expand the territory they organized under a central government. One well known version of this consolidation is known as the [[Albigensian Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This hierarchy of reciprocal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal system, binding each man to serve his superior in return for the latter's protection made for a confusion of territorial <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sovereignty</del> (as allegiances were subject to change over time, and were sometimes mutally contradictory), but the resulting ability of local arrangements to function in the absence of a strong royal power provided some resiliency in a political order distinguished by its lack of uniformity.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This hierarchy of reciprocal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal system, binding each man to serve his superior in return for the latter's protection made for a confusion of territorial <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[sovereign]]ty</ins> (as allegiances were subject to change over time, and were sometimes mutally contradictory), but the resulting ability of local arrangements to function in the absence of a strong royal power provided some resiliency in a political order distinguished by its lack of uniformity.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The spread of [[Christian]]ity from the Mediterranean area and from [[Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] throughout Europe and the absence of any firm alternative ideological basis for power meant that ecclesiastics became deeply involved in government, and provided the basis for a first European "identity" in the form of a religion common to most of the continent from at least the [[9th century]] until the separation of the Catholic and Orthodox <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">churches</del> (1054).</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The spread of [[Christian]]ity from the Mediterranean area and from [[Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] throughout Europe and the absence of any firm alternative ideological basis for power meant that ecclesiastics became deeply involved in government, and provided the basis for a first European "identity" in the form of a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>religion<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> common to most of the continent from at least the [[9th century]] until the separation of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Catholic<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>Orthodox <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">church]]es</ins> (1054).</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An example of this identity at work is the period loosely identified as the [[Crusade]]s, during which [[Pope]]s, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kings</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">emperors</del> tried to draw on Christian unity to wage war on [[Islam]], which was spreading along Europe's southern and eastern borders. Political unanimity in Europe was largely illusory, and the military support for most crusades was drawn from limited regions of Europe. Substantial areas of northern Europe also remained outside Christendom until the twelfth century or later.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>An example of this identity at work is the period loosely identified as the [[Crusade]]s, during which [[Pope]]s, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[king]]s</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[emperor]]s</ins> tried to draw on Christian unity to wage <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>war<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> on [[Islam]], which was spreading along Europe's southern and eastern borders. Political unanimity in Europe was largely illusory, and the military support for most crusades was drawn from limited regions of Europe. Substantial areas of northern Europe also remained outside Christendom until the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[12th century|</ins>twelfth century<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> or later.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''[[Periodization]]'''</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''[[Periodization]]'''</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is extremely difficult to decide when the Middle Ages ended, and in fact scholars assign different starting dates for the [[Renaissance]] in different parts of Europe. Most scholars who work in 15th century Italian history, for instance, consider themselves Renaissance or Early Modern historians, while anyone working on England in the early 15th century is considered a medievalist. Others choose specific events, such as the Turkish capture of [[Constantinople]] or the end of the Anglo-French [[Hundred Years' War]] (both [[1453]]), or the fall of Muslim [[Spain]] or [[Christopher Columbus]]'s voyage to [[the Americas|America]] (both [[1492]]), to mark the period's end.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is extremely difficult to decide when the Middle Ages ended, and in fact scholars assign different starting dates for the [[Renaissance]] in different parts of Europe. Most scholars who work in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>15th century<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Italy|</ins>Italian<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> history, for instance, consider themselves Renaissance or Early Modern historians, while anyone working on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>England<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> in the early 15th century is considered a medievalist. Others choose specific events, such as the Turkish capture of [[Constantinople]] or the end of the Anglo-French [[Hundred Years' War]] (both [[1453]]), or the fall of Muslim [[Spain]] or [[Christopher Columbus]]'s voyage to [[the Americas|America]] (both [[1492]]), to mark the period's end.</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Similar differences are now emerging in connection with the start of the period. Traditionally, the Middle Ages is said to begin when the West Roman Empire formally ceased to exist in 476 CE. However, that date is not important in itself, since the West Roman Empire had been very weak for some time, while Roman culture was to survive at least in Italy for yet a few decades or more. Today, some date the beginning of the Middle Ages to the division and Christanisation of the Roman Empire ([[4th century]]) while others see the period to the rise of Islam ([[7th century]]) as "late Classical".</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Similar differences are now emerging in connection with the start of the period. Traditionally, the Middle Ages is said to begin when the West Roman Empire formally ceased to exist in 476 CE. However, that date is not important in itself, since the West Roman Empire had been very weak for some time, while Roman culture was to survive at least in Italy for yet a few decades or more. Today, some date the beginning of the Middle Ages to the division and Christanisation of the Roman Empire ([[4th century]]) while others see the period to the rise of Islam ([[7th century]]) as "late Classical".</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Middle Ages in the West are often subdivided into an early period (sometimes called the "[[Dark Ages]]", at least from the fifth to eighth centuries) of shifting polities, a relatively low level of economic activity and successful incursions by non-Christian peoples (Slavs, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Arabs</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Scandinavians</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Magyars</del>); a middle period (the High Middle Ages) of developed institutions of lordship and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vassalage</del>, castle-building and mounted warfare, and reviving urban and commercial life; and a later period of growing royal power, the rise of commercial interests and weakening customary ties of dependence, especially after the 14th-century plague.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Middle Ages in the West are often subdivided into an early period (sometimes called the "[[Dark Ages]]", at least from the fifth to eighth centuries) of shifting polities, a relatively low level of economic activity and successful incursions by non-Christian peoples (Slavs, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Arab]]s</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Scandinavia]]ns</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Magyar]]s</ins>); a middle period (the High Middle Ages) of developed institutions of lordship and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[vassal]]age</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>castle<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>-building and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[cavalry|</ins>mounted warfare<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, and reviving urban and commercial life; and a later period of growing <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>royal<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> power, the rise of commercial interests and weakening customary ties of dependence, especially after the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[14th century|</ins>14th-century<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>plague<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Life in medieval Europe ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Life in medieval Europe ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Another way of making [[kirtle]]s - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/corikirtle.html</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Another way of making [[kirtle]]s - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/corikirtle.html</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ten gore dress from Herjolfnes - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/cotehardie.html</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ten gore dress from Herjolfnes - http://sca-garb.freservers.com/articles/cotehardie.html</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Summary of Women's <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cotehardies</del> - http://www.loudzen.com/users/jessica/cotehardie/index.html</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Summary of Women's <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Cotehardie]]s</ins> - http://www.loudzen.com/users/jessica/cotehardie/index.html</div></td>
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</table>Cianhttps://cunnan.lochac.sca.org/index.php?title=Middle_Ages&diff=15480&oldid=prevTiff: Reverted edit of 24.107.206.134, changed back to last version by 70.237.199.2192006-04-06T04:08:53Z<p>Reverted edit of 24.107.206.134, changed back to last version by 70.237.199.219</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:08, 6 April 2006</td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The early part of the period is marked in western Europe by the greatly reduced power of centralised administration and the consequent alienation of government authority and responsibility for military organisation, taxation and law and order at successive levels to provincial and local lords supported directly from the proceeds of a portion of the territories over which they held military, political and judicial power. The later Middle Ages would see the regrowth of centralized power as countries came to be aware of their own national identities and strong rulers sought to expand the territory they organized under a central government. One well known version of this consolidation is known as the [[Albigensian Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The early part of the period is marked in western Europe by the greatly reduced power of centralised administration and the consequent alienation of government authority and responsibility for military organisation, taxation and law and order at successive levels to provincial and local lords supported directly from the proceeds of a portion of the territories over which they held military, political and judicial power. The later Middle Ages would see the regrowth of centralized power as countries came to be aware of their own national identities and strong rulers sought to expand the territory they organized under a central government. One well known version of this consolidation is known as the [[Albigensian Crusade]].</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This hierarchy of reciprocal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal system, binding each man to serve his superior in return for the latter's protection made for a confusion of territorial sovereignty (as allegiances were subject to change over time, and were sometimes mutally contradictory), but the resulting ability of local arrangements to function in the absence of a strong royal power provided some resiliency in a political order distinguished by its lack of uniformity<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. hi melissa</del>.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td>
<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This hierarchy of reciprocal obligations, known as [[feudalism]] or the feudal system, binding each man to serve his superior in return for the latter's protection made for a confusion of territorial sovereignty (as allegiances were subject to change over time, and were sometimes mutally contradictory), but the resulting ability of local arrangements to function in the absence of a strong royal power provided some resiliency in a political order distinguished by its lack of uniformity.</div></td>
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<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The spread of [[Christian]]ity from the Mediterranean area and from [[Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] throughout Europe and the absence of any firm alternative ideological basis for power meant that ecclesiastics became deeply involved in government, and provided the basis for a first European "identity" in the form of a religion common to most of the continent from at least the [[9th century]] until the separation of the Catholic and Orthodox churches (1054).</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The spread of [[Christian]]ity from the Mediterranean area and from [[Ireland]] and [[Scotland]] throughout Europe and the absence of any firm alternative ideological basis for power meant that ecclesiastics became deeply involved in government, and provided the basis for a first European "identity" in the form of a religion common to most of the continent from at least the [[9th century]] until the separation of the Catholic and Orthodox churches (1054).</div></td>
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</table>Tiff