Broccoli

Broccoli is a vegetable that first made an appearance in Italy. Some individuals credit as having being eaten from the 1st century, but this is inconclusive.

Not known outside Italy until the 16th century and then in very limited amounts and certainly not widespread. How common it was before the 16th century in Italy is not known to this author. It appeared even later in England and didn't become a common vegetable outside Italy until at least the 18th century.