Religion in the Renaissance: Difference between revisions
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'''Religion in the Renaissance''' can be best summed up by saying that the [[Renaissance]] was a period of huge [[religious]] turmoil. The debates between the [[Humanists]] and [[Scholastics]] eventually lead to the debates that began the [[Reformation]], and many of the religious debates can be broadly (and as inaccurately as broad generalisations usually are) categorised as a battle between the [[Reformers]] and the [[Catholic Church]]. See [[Humanists and the Reformation]]. |
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The battle between the [[Reformers]] and the [[Catholic Church]] more properly belongs to the [[Reformation]] than the [[Renaissance]] however. |
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Having said that, the man in the street took a much greater interest in religion during the [[Renaissance]] than during the [[Middle Ages]] -- if only because the religious discourses of the time affected his or her life to a much greater extent than previously. Joe Average of 1540 would be much more likely to hold a strong [[religious opinion]] than Joe Average of 1340 -- who would most likely have simply believed whatever he heard at the [[pulpit]]. |
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== Important [[Popes]] and other [[Church]] notables == |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V Pope Nicholas V] (1447 - 1455) |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_II Pope Pius II] (1458 - 1464) |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV Pope Sixtus IV] (1471 - 1484) |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI Pope Alexander VI] (1492 - 1503) |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II Pope Julius II] (1503 - 1513) |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_X Pope Leo X] (1513 - 1523) -- [[Pope]] at the time of [[Martin Luther]]'s protest in Wittenburg. |
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* [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola Girolamo Savonarola] (1452 - 1498), a noted anti-[[Renaissance]] preacher, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican Dominican] priest, and book-burner. |
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== Important figures of the [[Reformation]] == |
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wyclif John Wyclif] (1320 - 1384), English professor of Oxford university, whose teachings influenced |
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Hus Jan Hus] (1369 - 1415, [[burned at the stake]]), an early reformer in southern [[Bohemia]] and founder of the [[Hussite]]s. |
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* [[Martin Luther]] (1483 - 1546), the founder of [[Lutheranism]] |
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* [http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huldreich_Zwingli Huldreich Zwingli] (1484 - 1531), mad as a cut snake and the founder of the [[Reformation]] in [[Switzerland]], especially [[Zurich]]. |
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin John Calvin] (1509 - 1564), the founder of [[Calvinism]], which was the religious basis of the [http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot Huguenots] in [[France]] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian Presbyterians] of [[Scotland]] and elsewhere. |
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== [[Religion]] and [[Free Thought]] == |
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Note that the reformation didn't always promote religious free thought. Neither Luther nor Calvin were great advocates of free thought -- but perhaps [[Michael Servetus]] was. Of course he got [[burned at the stake]] for [[Heresy]], in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin John Calvin]'s Geneva -- where the [[Program of Reform]] in 1523 actually banned all Catholic forms of worship. |
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While the [[Hussite]]s were very much in opposition to some of the [[Catholic church]] [[dogma]], their insistence that all forms of worship should be strictly in accordance with the [[Bible]] was very my-way-or-the-highway. |
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