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	'''Roger di Flor''' was the second son of a falconer in the service of the emperor [[Frederick II]]. His father fell at the [[battle]] of Tagliacozzo in 1268, and Roger, at the age of eight years old, was sent to sea in a galley belonging to the [[~~Knight]]s~~ Templar.		'''Roger di Flor''' was the second son of a [[falconer]] in the [[service]] of the [[emperor]] [[Frederick II]]. His father fell at the [[battle]] of Tagliacozzo in 1268, and Roger, at the age of eight years old, was sent to sea in a [[galley]] belonging to the [[Knights Templar]].

	He entered the order and became commander of a galley. At the [[siege]] of [[Acre]] by the ~~Saracens~~ in 1291 he was accused and denounced to the pope as a thief and an apostate, was degraded from his rank, and fled to Genoa, where he began to play the pirate.		He entered the [[order]] and became commander of a galley. At the [[siege]] of [[Acre]] by the [[Saracen]]s in 1291 he was accused and denounced to the [[pope]] as a thief and an apostate, was degraded from his rank, and fled to [[Genoa]], where he began to play the [[pirate]].

	This was the period of the struggle between the [[king]]s of [[Aragon]] and the [[France\|French]] kings of [[Naples]] for the possession of Sicily. Roger entered the service of Frederick, king of Sicily, who gave him the rank of vice-admiral. At the close of the war, in 1302, as Frederick was anxious to free the island from his mercenary troops (called Almagavares), whom he had no longer the means of paying, Roger induced them under his leadership to seek new adventures in the East, in fighting against the [[Turk]]s, who were ravaging the [[Byzantine]] empire.		This was the period of the struggle between the [[king]]s of [[Aragon]] and the [[France\|French]] kings of [[Naples]] for the possession of [[Sicily]]. Roger entered the service of Frederick, king of Sicily, who gave him the rank of vice-admiral. At the close of the [[war]], in 1302, as Frederick was anxious to free the island from his [[mercenary]] troops (called [[Almagavares]]), whom he had no longer the means of paying, Roger induced them under his leadership to seek new adventures in the East, in fighting against the [[Turkey\|Turk]]s, who were ravaging the [[Byzantine]] empire.

	The [[emperor]] Andronicus II. accepted his offer of service; in September 1303 Roger with his fleet and army arrived at [[Constantinople]]. He was adopted into the imperial family, was married to a grand-daughter of the emperor, and was made grand duke and commander-in-chief of the army and the fleet. After some weeks lost in dissipation, intrigues and bloody quarrels, Roger and his men were sent into Asia, and after some successful encounters with the Turks they went into winter quarters at Cyzicus. In May 1304 they again took the field, and rendered the important service of relieving Philadelphia, at this time invested and reduced to extremities by the Turks.		The [[emperor]] [[Andronicus II]]. accepted his offer of service; in September 1303 Roger with his [[fleet]] and [[army]] arrived at [[Constantinople]]. He was adopted into the imperial family, was married to a grand-daughter of the emperor, and was made grand duke and commander-in-chief of the army and the fleet. After some weeks lost in dissipation, intrigues and bloody quarrels, Roger and his men were sent into Asia, and after some successful encounters with the Turks they went into winter quarters at Cyzicus. In May 1304 they again took the field, and rendered the important service of relieving [[Philadelphia]], at this time invested and reduced to extremities by the Turks.

	However Roger, bent on advancing his own interests rather than those of the emperor, determined to found in the East a principality for himself. He ~~beseiged~~ the city of Magnesia, but his attacks were repulsed, and he was compelled to retire. Being recalled to Europe, he settled his troops in Gallipoli and other towns, and visited Constantinople to demand pay for the Almagavares. Dissatisfied with the small sum granted by the emperor, he plundered the country and carried on intrigues both with and against the emperor, receiving reinforcements all the while from all parts of southern Europe.		However Roger, bent on advancing his own interests rather than those of the emperor, determined to found in the East a [[principality]] for himself. He be[[seige]]d the city of Magnesia, but his attacks were repulsed, and he was compelled to retire. Being recalled to Europe, he settled his troops in Gallipoli and other towns, and visited [[Constantinople]] to demand pay for the Almagavares. Dissatisfied with the small sum granted by the emperor, he plundered the country and carried on intrigues both with and against the emperor, receiving reinforcements all the while from all parts of southern Europe.

	Roger was now created Caesar (the last man to be invested with the title), but shortly afterwards the young emperor Michael Palaeologus, not daring to attack the fierce and now augmented bands of adventurers, invited Roger to Adrianople, and there contrived his assassination and the massacre of his Catalan cavalry (April 4, 1306). His death was avenged by his men in a fierce and prolonged war against the Greeks.		Roger was now created [[Caesar]] (the last man to be invested with the [[title]]), but shortly afterwards the young emperor [[Michael Palaeologus]], not daring to attack the fierce and now augmented bands of adventurers, invited Roger to Adrianople, and there contrived his [[assassination]] and the massacre of his Catalan [[cavalry]] (April 4, 1306). His death was avenged by his men in a fierce and prolonged war against the [[Greece\|Greeks]].

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'''Roger di Flor''' was the second son of a falconer in the service of the emperor [[Frederick II]]. His father fell at the [[battle]] of Tagliacozzo in 1268, and Roger, at the age of eight years old, was sent to sea in a galley belonging to the [[Knight]]s Templar.

He entered the order and became commander of a galley. At the [[siege]] of [[Acre]] by the Saracens in 1291 he was accused and denounced to the pope as a thief and an apostate, was degraded from his rank, and fled to Genoa, where he began to play the pirate.

This was the period of the struggle between the [[king]]s of [[Aragon]] and the [[France|French]] kings of [[Naples]] for the possession of Sicily. Roger entered the service of Frederick, king of Sicily, who gave him the rank of vice-admiral. At the close of the war, in 1302, as Frederick was anxious to free the island from his mercenary troops (called Almagavares), whom he had no longer the means of paying, Roger induced them under his leadership to seek new adventures in the East, in fighting against the [[Turk]]s, who were ravaging the [[Byzantine]] empire.

The [[emperor]] Andronicus II. accepted his offer of service; in September 1303 Roger with his fleet and army arrived at [[Constantinople]]. He was adopted into the imperial family, was married to a grand-daughter of the emperor, and was made grand duke and commander-in-chief of the army and the fleet. After some weeks lost in dissipation, intrigues and bloody quarrels, Roger and his men were sent into Asia, and after some successful encounters with the Turks they went into winter quarters at Cyzicus. In May 1304 they again took the field, and rendered the important service of relieving Philadelphia, at this time invested and reduced to extremities by the Turks.

However Roger, bent on advancing his own interests rather than those of the emperor, determined to found in the East a principality for himself. He beseiged the city of Magnesia, but his attacks were repulsed, and he was compelled to retire. Being recalled to Europe, he settled his troops in Gallipoli and other towns, and visited Constantinople to demand pay for the Almagavares. Dissatisfied with the small sum granted by the emperor, he plundered the country and carried on intrigues both with and against the emperor, receiving reinforcements all the while from all parts of southern Europe.

Roger was now created Caesar (the last man to be invested with the title), but shortly afterwards the young emperor Michael Palaeologus, not daring to attack the fierce and now augmented bands of adventurers, invited Roger to Adrianople, and there contrived his assassination and the massacre of his Catalan cavalry (April 4, 1306). His death was avenged by his men in a fierce and prolonged war against the Greeks.

Roger di Flor - Revision history

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