Oil painting - Revision history

Sarah Van Der Goes: /* Period supports */ fixed wiki

2007-07-09T20:32:14Z

Period supports: fixed wiki

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:32, 10 July 2007
Line 6:		Line 6:
	=Period Materials=		=Period Materials=
	===Period supports===		===Period supports===
	The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth ([[linen]]). [[Poplar]] was the wood of choice for [[Italian]]s with [[oak]] being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.		The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth ([[linen]]). [[Poplar]] was the wood of choice for [[Italy\|Italian]]s with [[oak]] being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.

	===Period size and grounds===		===Period size and grounds===

Sarah Van Der Goes: /* Period supports */ added wikis

2007-07-09T20:31:41Z

Period supports: added wikis

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:31, 10 July 2007
Line 6:		Line 6:
	=Period Materials=		=Period Materials=
	===Period supports===		===Period supports===
	The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth (linen). Poplar was the wood of choice for ~~Italians~~ with oak being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.		The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth ([[linen]]). [[Poplar]] was the wood of choice for [[Italian]]s with [[oak]] being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.

	===Period size and grounds===		===Period size and grounds===

Sarah Van Der Goes: /* Period supports */ walnut to oak

2007-06-29T18:55:51Z

Period supports: walnut to oak

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:55, 30 June 2007
Line 6:		Line 6:
	=Period Materials=		=Period Materials=
	===Period supports===		===Period supports===
	The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth (linen). Poplar was the wood of choice for Italians with ~~walnut~~ being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.		The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth (linen). Poplar was the wood of choice for Italians with oak being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.

	===Period size and grounds===		===Period size and grounds===

Sarah Van Der Goes: fixed wiki

2007-06-27T14:45:00Z

fixed wiki

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 28 June 2007
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	'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a [[paint]] consisting of a [[pigment]] in a drying oil ([[linseed]] oil, [[walnut]] oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early [[15th century]] in [[Europe]] and has enjoyed popularity since then. [[Wood]]en panel was the support of choice for early practitioners of oil painting with [[cloth]] supports becoming popular in [[Italy]] in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.		'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a [[paint]] consisting of a [[pigment]] in a drying oil ([[linseed oil]], [[walnut]] oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early [[15th century]] in [[Europe]] and has enjoyed popularity since then. [[Wood]]en panel was the support of choice for early practitioners of oil painting with [[cloth]] supports becoming popular in [[Italy]] in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.

	=History=		=History=

Sarah Van Der Goes: added wiki

2007-06-21T15:37:48Z

added wiki

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:37, 22 June 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a [[paint]] consisting of a pigment in a drying oil ([[linseed]] oil, [[walnut]] oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early [[15th century]] in [[Europe]] and has enjoyed popularity since then. [[Wood]]en panel was the support of choice for early practitioners of oil painting with [[cloth]] supports becoming popular in [[Italy]] in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.		'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a [[paint]] consisting of a [[pigment]] in a drying oil ([[linseed]] oil, [[walnut]] oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early [[15th century]] in [[Europe]] and has enjoyed popularity since then. [[Wood]]en panel was the support of choice for early practitioners of oil painting with [[cloth]] supports becoming popular in [[Italy]] in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.

	=History=		=History=

Cian: links, spelling

2007-06-20T00:45:03Z

links, spelling

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 20 June 2007
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	'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a paint consisting of a pigment in a drying oil (linseed oil, walnut oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early 15th century in Europe and has enjoyed popularity since then. ~~Wooden~~ panel was the support of choice for early ~~practicitioners~~ of oil painting with cloth supports becoming popular in Italy in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.		'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a [[paint]] consisting of a pigment in a drying oil ([[linseed]] oil, [[walnut]] oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early [[15th century]] in [[Europe]] and has enjoyed popularity since then. [[Wood]]en panel was the support of choice for early practitioners of oil painting with [[cloth]] supports becoming popular in [[Italy]] in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.

	=History=		=History=
	The roots of oil painting lie in [[egg tempera]] painting where the technique of thinly layered paint over an ~~absorbant~~ ground was perfected. ~~Colors~~ in oils were ~~intially~~ used as accents to egg tempera paintings. Eventually artists began using oil paint to complete whole pictures. Many period oil paintings on panel have an underpainting in egg tempera which allowed the artist to perfect composition and tone before applying the final layers of rich oil paint ~~colors~~.		The roots of oil painting lie in [[egg tempera]] painting where the technique of thinly layered paint over an absorbent ground was perfected. [[Colour]]s in oils were initially used as accents to egg tempera paintings. Eventually artists began using oil paint to complete whole pictures. Many [[period]] oil paintings on panel have an underpainting in egg tempera which allowed the artist to perfect composition and tone before applying the final layers of rich oil paint colours.

	=Period Materials=		=Period Materials=
Line 9:		Line 9:

	===Period size and grounds===		===Period size and grounds===
	Both wooden and cloth supports were first prepared by sealing their surfaces with size, a glue usually calf hide-based or fish-based. A gesso ground (consisting of slaked plaster and glue) was then applied to wooden supports to provide a receptive working surface for oil paints. Because gesso dries to an inflexible and rigid state, it is unsuitable for use on cloth supports. An oil ground (lead white in a drying oil) was used instead for cloth supports.		Both wooden and cloth supports were first prepared by sealing their surfaces with size, a [[glue]] usually [[cattle\|calf]] hide-based or [[fish]]-based. A [[gesso]] ground (consisting of slaked plaster and glue) was then applied to wooden supports to provide a receptive working surface for oil paints. Because gesso dries to an inflexible and rigid state, it is unsuitable for use on cloth supports. An oil ground ([[lead]] white in a drying oil) was used instead for cloth supports.

	===Oil paint===		===Oil paint===
	Oil paint was created by mixing pigment with a drying oil. Pigment and oil was placed on a glass or stone slab and ground together with a glass muller which is flat on the bottom. The even dispersion of pigment within the oil was achieved this way. This type of mixing is referred to has '''grinding''' and yields a more ~~consistant~~ and well-distributed paint than mixing with a knife, spoon or other implement alone.		Oil paint was created by mixing pigment with a drying oil. Pigment and oil was placed on a [[glass]] or [[stone]] slab and ground together with a glass [[muller]] which is flat on the bottom. The even dispersion of pigment within the oil was achieved this way. This type of mixing is referred to has '''grinding''' and yields a more consistent and well-distributed paint than mixing with a [[knife]], [[spoon]] or other implement alone.

	===Gilding===		===Gilding===
	Gold leaf gilding was common on the ~~religous~~ paintings of the time. The gold leaf was sometimes applied in the early stages of a painting, but sometimes near the end. The glue used to adhere gold leaf to the painting was called '''mordant''' and has a ~~reddish~~ tone. After gold was applied to the mordant, the gold would then be burnished to a high sheen with a semi-precious hard stone or a hound's tooth.		[[Gold leaf]] [[gilding]] was common on the [[religious]] paintings of the time. The gold leaf was sometimes applied in the early stages of a painting, but sometimes near the end. The glue used to adhere gold leaf to the painting was called '''[[mordant]]''' and has a [[red]]dish tone. After [[gold]] was applied to the mordant, the gold would then be burnished to a high sheen with a [[semi-previous stone\|semi-precious hard stone]] or a [[hound]]'s tooth.

	=Period Technique=		=Period Technique=
	'''For painting on wooden panel:'''		'''For painting on wooden panel:'''
	*A charcoal drawing was completed. This was either on parchment to be ~~tranferred~~ to the wooden panel, or drawn directly on the panel itself.		*A [[charcoal]] drawing was completed. This was either on [[parchment]] to be transferred to the wooden panel, or drawn directly on the panel itself.
	*An ink wash was applied to fix the drawing to the panel. The ink wash was used to reinforce the drawing and acted as a guide to the painting moving forward. A stiff brush or feather was then used to remove all charcoal from the panel.		*An ink wash was applied to fix the drawing to the panel. The ink wash was used to reinforce the drawing and acted as a guide to the painting moving forward. A stiff brush or feather was then used to remove all charcoal from the panel.
	*A full value underpainting was applied over the ink drawing. The ~~colors~~ in this underpainting were very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the ~~colors~~ of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may in egg tempera or in oil paint.		*A full value underpainting was applied over the ink drawing. The colours in this underpainting were very limited or monochromatic. This is called ''grisalle''. In parts of Italy a ''verdaccio'' underpainting was used which uses the colours of [[black]], [[green]], and [[pink]]. The underpainting may in egg tempera or in oil paint.
	*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding ~~color~~ to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried. Some ~~peroid~~ paintings have upwards of twenty layers of ~~color~~. Glazing is a technique developed in oil painting. It allows the full strength of a ~~color~~ to be applied without tinting it white, or shading it with black, both of which diminish the ~~color~~ strength of a ~~color~~.		*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding colour to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried. Some period paintings have upwards of twenty layers of colour. Glazing is a technique developed in oil painting. It allows the full strength of a colour to be applied without tinting it white, or shading it with black, both of which diminish the strength of a colour.

	'''For painting on cloth:'''		'''For painting on cloth:'''
	*A charcoal drawing was completed. This was either on parchment to be ~~tranferred~~ to the cloth, or drawn directly on the prepared cloth itself.		*A charcoal drawing was completed. This was either on parchment to be transferred to the cloth, or drawn directly on the prepared cloth itself.
	*A full value underpainting was applied over the drawing. The ~~colors~~ in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the ~~colors~~ of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground. Also, egg tempera is not flexible when dried so it is unsuitable for a cloth support.		*A full value underpainting was applied over the drawing. The colours in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called ''grisalle''. In parts of Italy a ''verdaccio'' underpainting was used which uses the colours of [[black]], [[green]], and [[pink]]. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground. Also, egg tempera is not flexible when dried so it is unsuitable for a cloth support.
	*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding ~~color~~ to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried as noted above for paining on wooden panel.		*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding colour to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried as noted above for paining on wooden panel.

	[[Category:arts]]		[[Category:arts]]

Sarah Van Der Goes: added categories

2007-06-19T17:22:04Z

added categories

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:22, 20 June 2007
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	*A full value underpainting was applied over the drawing. The colors in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground. Also, egg tempera is not flexible when dried so it is unsuitable for a cloth support.		*A full value underpainting was applied over the drawing. The colors in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground. Also, egg tempera is not flexible when dried so it is unsuitable for a cloth support.
	*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried as noted above for paining on wooden panel.		*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried as noted above for paining on wooden panel.

			[[Category:arts]]
			[[Category:painting]]

Sarah Van Der Goes: grammar

2007-06-19T17:15:21Z

grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:15, 20 June 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Oil paintings''' ~~are~~ executed using a paint consisting of a pigment in a drying oil (linseed oil, walnut oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early 15th century in Europe and has enjoyed popularity since then. Wooden panel was the support of choice for early practicitioners of oil painting with cloth supports becoming popular in Italy in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.		'''Oil paintings''' were executed using a paint consisting of a pigment in a drying oil (linseed oil, walnut oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early 15th century in Europe and has enjoyed popularity since then. Wooden panel was the support of choice for early practicitioners of oil painting with cloth supports becoming popular in Italy in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.

	=History=		=History=
Line 6:		Line 6:
	=Period Materials=		=Period Materials=
	===Period supports===		===Period supports===
	The supports of choice for oil paintings ~~are~~ wooden panel or cloth (linen). Poplar was the wood of choice for Italians with walnut being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.		The supports of choice for oil paintings were wooden panel or cloth (linen). Poplar was the wood of choice for Italians with walnut being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.

	===Period size and grounds===		===Period size and grounds===
	Both wooden and cloth supports were first prepared by sealing their surfaces with size, a glue, usually a calf hide-based or fish-based ~~glue~~. A gesso ground (consisting of slaked plaster and glue) was then applied to wooden supports to provide a receptive working surface for oil paints. Because gesso dries to an inflexible and rigid state, it is unsuitable for use on cloth supports. An oil ground (lead white in a drying oil) is used instead for cloth supports.		Both wooden and cloth supports were first prepared by sealing their surfaces with size, a glue usually calf hide-based or fish-based. A gesso ground (consisting of slaked plaster and glue) was then applied to wooden supports to provide a receptive working surface for oil paints. Because gesso dries to an inflexible and rigid state, it is unsuitable for use on cloth supports. An oil ground (lead white in a drying oil) was used instead for cloth supports.

	===Oil paint===		===Oil paint===
	Oil paint was created by mixing pigment with a drying oil. Pigment and oil was placed on a glass or stone slab and ground together with a glass muller which is flat on the bottom. The even dispersion of pigment within the oil is achieved this way. This type of mixing is referred to has '''grinding''' and yields a more consistant and well-distributed paint than mixing with a knife, spoon or other implement alone.		Oil paint was created by mixing pigment with a drying oil. Pigment and oil was placed on a glass or stone slab and ground together with a glass muller which is flat on the bottom. The even dispersion of pigment within the oil was achieved this way. This type of mixing is referred to has '''grinding''' and yields a more consistant and well-distributed paint than mixing with a knife, spoon or other implement alone.

	===Gilding===		===Gilding===
Line 19:		Line 19:
	=Period Technique=		=Period Technique=
	'''For painting on wooden panel:'''		'''For painting on wooden panel:'''
	*A charcoal drawing is completed. This ~~can be~~ either on parchment to be tranferred to the wooden panel, or ~~a drawing~~ directly on the panel itself.		*A charcoal drawing was completed. This was either on parchment to be tranferred to the wooden panel, or drawn directly on the panel itself.
	*An ink wash is applied to fix the drawing to the panel. The ink wash is used to reinforce the drawing and ~~acts~~ as a guide to the painting moving forward. A stiff brush or feather is then used to remove all charcoal from the panel.		*An ink wash was applied to fix the drawing to the panel. The ink wash was used to reinforce the drawing and acted as a guide to the painting moving forward. A stiff brush or feather was then used to remove all charcoal from the panel.
	*A full value underpainting is applied over the ink drawing. The colors in this underpainting ~~are~~ very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may egg tempera or in oil paint.		*A full value underpainting was applied over the ink drawing. The colors in this underpainting were very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may in egg tempera or in oil paint.
	*Glazes of oil paint ~~are~~ then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes ~~are~~ applied in layers as each previous layers ~~dry~~. Some peroid paintings have upwards of twenty layers of color. Glazing is a technique developed in oil painting. It allows the full strength of a color to be applied without tinting it white, or shading it with black, both of which ~~dimish~~ the color strength of a color.		*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried. Some peroid paintings have upwards of twenty layers of color. Glazing is a technique developed in oil painting. It allows the full strength of a color to be applied without tinting it white, or shading it with black, both of which diminish the color strength of a color.

	'''For painting on cloth:'''		'''For painting on cloth:'''
	*A charcoal drawing is completed. This ~~can be~~ either on parchment to be tranferred to the cloth, or ~~a drawing~~ directly on the prepared cloth itself.		*A charcoal drawing was completed. This was either on parchment to be tranferred to the cloth, or drawn directly on the prepared cloth itself.
	*A full value underpainting is applied the drawing. The colors in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground.		*A full value underpainting was applied over the drawing. The colors in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground. Also, egg tempera is not flexible when dried so it is unsuitable for a cloth support.
	*Glazes of oil paint ~~are~~ then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes ~~are~~ applied in layers as each previous layers ~~dry~~ as noted above for paining on wooden panel.		*Glazes of oil paint were then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes were applied in layers as each previous layers dried as noted above for paining on wooden panel.

Sarah Van Der Goes: Started article

2007-06-19T16:59:16Z

Started article

New page

'''Oil paintings''' are executed using a paint consisting of a pigment in a drying oil (linseed oil, walnut oil, etc). Oil painting is believed to have been developed in the early 15th century in Europe and has enjoyed popularity since then. Wooden panel was the support of choice for early practicitioners of oil painting with cloth supports becoming popular in Italy in the late 15th century. The paint films formed in dried oil paintings allow light to pass through the many layers of semi-transparent glazed passages of paint to create a luminous effect previously unachievable in any other painted medium.

=History=
The roots of oil painting lie in [[egg tempera]] painting where the technique of thinly layered paint over an absorbant ground was perfected. Colors in oils were intially used as accents to egg tempera paintings. Eventually artists began using oil paint to complete whole pictures. Many period oil paintings on panel have an underpainting in egg tempera which allowed the artist to perfect composition and tone before applying the final layers of rich oil paint colors.

=Period Materials=
===Period supports===
The supports of choice for oil paintings are wooden panel or cloth (linen). Poplar was the wood of choice for Italians with walnut being favored in northern Europe. Wooden panels that were aged, free of oils and knots were chosen. Cloth supports were linen canvas that were clean and free of oils and grease. Cloth was stretched tightly on wooden frames to provide the artist with a working surface less likely to bend and flex.

===Period size and grounds===
Both wooden and cloth supports were first prepared by sealing their surfaces with size, a glue, usually a calf hide-based or fish-based glue. A gesso ground (consisting of slaked plaster and glue) was then applied to wooden supports to provide a receptive working surface for oil paints. Because gesso dries to an inflexible and rigid state, it is unsuitable for use on cloth supports. An oil ground (lead white in a drying oil) is used instead for cloth supports.

===Oil paint===
Oil paint was created by mixing pigment with a drying oil. Pigment and oil was placed on a glass or stone slab and ground together with a glass muller which is flat on the bottom. The even dispersion of pigment within the oil is achieved this way. This type of mixing is referred to has '''grinding''' and yields a more consistant and well-distributed paint than mixing with a knife, spoon or other implement alone.

===Gilding===
Gold leaf gilding was common on the religous paintings of the time. The gold leaf was sometimes applied in the early stages of a painting, but sometimes near the end. The glue used to adhere gold leaf to the painting was called '''mordant''' and has a reddish tone. After gold was applied to the mordant, the gold would then be burnished to a high sheen with a semi-precious hard stone or a hound's tooth.

=Period Technique=
'''For painting on wooden panel:'''
*A charcoal drawing is completed. This can be either on parchment to be tranferred to the wooden panel, or a drawing directly on the panel itself.
*An ink wash is applied to fix the drawing to the panel. The ink wash is used to reinforce the drawing and acts as a guide to the painting moving forward. A stiff brush or feather is then used to remove all charcoal from the panel.
*A full value underpainting is applied over the ink drawing. The colors in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may egg tempera or in oil paint.
*Glazes of oil paint are then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes are applied in layers as each previous layers dry. Some peroid paintings have upwards of twenty layers of color. Glazing is a technique developed in oil painting. It allows the full strength of a color to be applied without tinting it white, or shading it with black, both of which dimish the color strength of a color.

'''For painting on cloth:'''
*A charcoal drawing is completed. This can be either on parchment to be tranferred to the cloth, or a drawing directly on the prepared cloth itself.
*A full value underpainting is applied the drawing. The colors in this underpainting are very limited or monochromatic. This is called grisalle. In parts of Italy a verdaccio underpainting was used which uses the colors of black, green, and pink. The underpainting may only be in oil paint because the ground used for cloth is an oil ground.
*Glazes of oil paint are then applied over the underpainting, adding color to the previously muted or monochromatic underpainting. Glazes are applied in layers as each previous layers dry as noted above for paining on wooden panel.