Imitation Gemstones - Revision history

Ld Hærek: /* Natural Imitations */

2007-07-11T00:18:34Z

Natural Imitations

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 11 July 2007
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	== Natural Imitations ==		== Natural Imitations ==
	There are a number of natural gemstones that bear a strong resemblance to the cardinal stones — [[diamond]], [[emerald]], [[ruby]], and [[sapphire]]. The following is a list of natural stones (plus a few man-made ones) which may prove to be effective substitutes:		There are a number of natural gemstones that bear a strong resemblance to the cardinal stones — [[diamond]], [[emerald]], [[ruby]], and [[sapphire]]. The following is a list of natural stones (plus a few man-made ones) which may prove to be effective substitutes:
	*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm] rock crystal "diamonds" [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/gemstones/~~quartz_diamond~~.~~asp~~] & [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/gemstones/rock_crystal.asp]		*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm] rock crystal "diamonds" [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/gemstones/images7/110051.jpg] & [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/gemstones/rock_crystal.asp]
	*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]		*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]
	*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]		*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]

Ld Hærek: /* Natural Imitations */

2007-07-10T22:00:15Z

Natural Imitations

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:00, 11 July 2007
Line 9:		Line 9:
	== Natural Imitations ==		== Natural Imitations ==
	There are a number of natural gemstones that bear a strong resemblance to the cardinal stones — [[diamond]], [[emerald]], [[ruby]], and [[sapphire]]. The following is a list of natural stones (plus a few man-made ones) which may prove to be effective substitutes:		There are a number of natural gemstones that bear a strong resemblance to the cardinal stones — [[diamond]], [[emerald]], [[ruby]], and [[sapphire]]. The following is a list of natural stones (plus a few man-made ones) which may prove to be effective substitutes:
	*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm]		*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm] rock crystal "diamonds" [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/gemstones/quartz_diamond.asp] & [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/gemstones/rock_crystal.asp]
	*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]		*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]
	*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]		*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]

Ld Hærek: /* Synthetic Gems */

2007-07-10T21:56:45Z

Synthetic Gems

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:56, 11 July 2007
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	== Synthetic Gems ==		== Synthetic Gems ==
	Most inexpensive jewelry on the market uses synthetic rather than natural gemstones. These fall into two categories: ''Laboratory synthetics'' are exact duplicates of natural minerals. The only difference is that the stone lacks the inclusions and imperfections found in nature. ''Synthetic imitations'' are also grown in the lab, but are of a different chemical composition than the natural stone, and are usually cheaper as well. When using synthetic stones one should remember that most [[medieval]] jewels were cut as cabochons. A facetted gemstone would look out of place on a [[Viking]] [[warrior]]. (Note, however, that crude faceted beads have been found in Viking treasure hordes.)<br>Photos: lab-grown opals [http://www.loose-gems.com/syntheticopal.html] synthetic blue spinel [http://www.loose-gems.com/sapphireimitation.html] cubic zirconia [http://www.loose-gems.com/whitecz.html]		Most inexpensive jewelry on the market uses synthetic rather than natural gemstones. These fall into two categories: ''Laboratory synthetics'' are exact duplicates of natural minerals. The only difference is that the stone lacks the inclusions and imperfections found in nature. ''Synthetic imitations'' are also grown in the lab, but are of a different chemical composition than the natural stone, and are usually cheaper as well. When using synthetic stones one should remember that most [[medieval]] jewels were cut as cabochons. A facetted gemstone would look out of place on a [[Viking]] [[warrior]]. (Note, however, that crude faceted beads have been found in Viking treasure hordes.)<br>Photos: lab-grown opals [http://www.loose-gems.com/syntheticopal.html] synthetic blue spinel [http://www.loose-gems.com/sapphireimitation.html] cubic zirconia [http://www.loose-gems.com/whitecz.html] & [http://www.gemcountryusa.com/lab_created/simulated_cubic_zirconia.asp]

	== Natural Imitations ==		== Natural Imitations ==

Ld Hærek: /* Glass Jewels */

2007-07-10T21:53:23Z

Glass Jewels

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:53, 11 July 2007
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	== Glass Jewels ==		== Glass Jewels ==
	The use of [[colored glass]] to imitate gemstones dates back to ancient times. For small jewels this can be very effective. For larger gemstones glass may be too clear, and lacks the ''inclusions'' found in natural stones. Also, be cautioned that a lot of costume jewelry is made from acrylic not [[glass]]. ''Volcanic glass'', a man-made substance from obsidian and volcanic ash, is a possible candidate for imitation aquamarine and pale sapphire.<br> Photos: ceramic scarabs [~~http://photos.imageevent.com/juliannamucci/gemstones/icons/Turquoise-Scarab.jpg~~] glass drop "emeralds" [http://search.cartserver.com/search/search.cgi?cartid=s-2873&category=instock&maxhits=20&keywords=emerald+nonirit&bool=AND] foil-back glass rhinestones [http://www.jansjewels.com/other/sfoct-1.html]		The use of [[colored glass]] to imitate gemstones dates back to ancient times. For small jewels this can be very effective. For larger gemstones glass may be too clear, and lacks the ''inclusions'' found in natural stones. Also, be cautioned that a lot of costume jewelry is made from acrylic not [[glass]]. ''Volcanic glass'', a man-made substance from obsidian and volcanic ash, is a possible candidate for imitation aquamarine and pale sapphire.<br> Photos: ceramic scarabs [dead link], glass drop "emeralds" [http://search.cartserver.com/search/search.cgi?cartid=s-2873&category=instock&maxhits=20&keywords=emerald+nonirit&bool=AND] foil-back glass rhinestones [http://www.jansjewels.com/other/sfoct-1.html]

	== Synthetic Gems ==		== Synthetic Gems ==

Ld Hærek: /* Other Substitutes */

2007-07-10T21:43:11Z

Other Substitutes

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:43, 11 July 2007
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	== Other Substitutes ==		== Other Substitutes ==
	*beryl (aquamarine) — First of all, bear in mind that most aquamarine found in nature is pale [[green]] in color NOT pale [[blue]]. Aquamarine jewelry is usually heat-treated to obtain the desired blue color. Aquamarine ''baroques'' are fairly cheap and exhibit a cloudy gray color with just a hint of turquoise or sky blue. Aquamarine gemstones are not terribly expensive, but may not be available in the desired cut. For the pale blue gem variety, ''kyanite'' approximates both the color and the crystal structure of beryl, and is readily available in bead form. For the more natural sea-green type, ''prehnite'' is a reasonable choice. Some varieties of ''apatite'' have a vivid blue-green color, but the stone is rather soft and brittle.<br>Photos: aquamarine (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Aquamarine.htm] kyanite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Kyanite.htm] sapphire [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Sapphire.htm] blue topaz [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueTopaz.htm]		*beryl (aquamarine) — First of all, bear in mind that most aquamarine found in nature is pale [[green]] in color NOT pale [[blue]]. Aquamarine jewelry is usually heat-treated to obtain the desired blue color. Aquamarine ''baroques'' are fairly cheap and exhibit a cloudy gray color with just a hint of turquoise or sky blue. Aquamarine gemstones are not terribly expensive, but may not be available in the desired cut. For the pale blue gem variety, ''kyanite'' approximates both the color and the crystal structure of beryl, and is readily available in bead form. For the more natural sea-green type, ''prehnite'' is a reasonable choice. Some varieties of ''apatite'' have a vivid blue-green color, but the stone is rather soft and brittle.<br>Photos: aquamarine (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Aquamarine.htm] kyanite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Kyanite.htm] sapphire [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Sapphire.htm] blue topaz [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueTopaz.htm] prehnite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Prehnite.htm]
	*amethyst — This gemstone is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. Purple ''fluorite'' approximates the color, but is very soft in comparison. Photo: [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_amethyst.htm]		*amethyst — This gemstone is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. Purple ''fluorite'' approximates the color, but is very soft in comparison. Photo: [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_amethyst.htm]
	*chryselectrum (golden topaz, chrysoberyl, etc) — ''Citrine'' is the obvious choice here. ''Smoky quartz'' is another possibilty, although it looks rather brown. Organic amber is a separate category, and is relatively cheap. Photos: Imperial topaz (scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/topaz.htm#CTPZ] (crystals) [dead link], citrine cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_citrine.htm]		*chryselectrum (golden topaz, chrysoberyl, etc) — ''Citrine'' is the obvious choice here. ''Smoky quartz'' is another possibilty, although it looks rather brown. Organic amber is a separate category, and is relatively cheap. Photos: Imperial topaz (scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/topaz.htm#CTPZ] (crystals) [dead link], tumbled citrine (heat treated) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Citrine.htm] (& natural) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-CitrineNatural.htm] citrine cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_citrine.htm]
	*callais (turquoise) — Turquoise is still relatively inexpensive, but the price is going up. Dyed howlite is a cheap alternative (but check the cautions for lapis above). For a durable substitute consider ''amazonite'' instead. The color is just about right, but it does lack the copper inclusions.<br>Photos: Turquoise nuggets [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-TurqNuggs.htm] Amazonstone [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Amazonite.htm]		*callais (turquoise) — Turquoise is still relatively inexpensive, but the price is going up. Dyed howlite is a cheap alternative (but check the cautions for lapis above). For a durable substitute consider ''amazonite'' instead. The color is just about right, but it does lack the copper inclusions.<br>Photos: Turquoise nuggets [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-TurqNuggs.htm] Amazonstone [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Amazonite.htm]
	*chalcedony — Fairly cheap but not always obtainable under that name. Try asking for ''blue-lace agate'', which is nearly identical.<br>Photos: chalcedony [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueChalcedony.htm] blue-lace agate [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueLaceAgate.htm] blue calcite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueCalcite.htm]		*chalcedony — Fairly cheap but not always obtainable under that name. Try asking for ''blue-lace agate'', which is nearly identical.<br>Photos: chalcedony [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueChalcedony.htm] blue-lace agate [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueLaceAgate.htm] blue calcite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueCalcite.htm]

Ld Hærek: /* Other Substitutes */

2007-07-10T21:32:23Z

Other Substitutes

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 11 July 2007
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	*beryl (aquamarine) — First of all, bear in mind that most aquamarine found in nature is pale [[green]] in color NOT pale [[blue]]. Aquamarine jewelry is usually heat-treated to obtain the desired blue color. Aquamarine ''baroques'' are fairly cheap and exhibit a cloudy gray color with just a hint of turquoise or sky blue. Aquamarine gemstones are not terribly expensive, but may not be available in the desired cut. For the pale blue gem variety, ''kyanite'' approximates both the color and the crystal structure of beryl, and is readily available in bead form. For the more natural sea-green type, ''prehnite'' is a reasonable choice. Some varieties of ''apatite'' have a vivid blue-green color, but the stone is rather soft and brittle.<br>Photos: aquamarine (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Aquamarine.htm] kyanite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Kyanite.htm] sapphire [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Sapphire.htm] blue topaz [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueTopaz.htm]		*beryl (aquamarine) — First of all, bear in mind that most aquamarine found in nature is pale [[green]] in color NOT pale [[blue]]. Aquamarine jewelry is usually heat-treated to obtain the desired blue color. Aquamarine ''baroques'' are fairly cheap and exhibit a cloudy gray color with just a hint of turquoise or sky blue. Aquamarine gemstones are not terribly expensive, but may not be available in the desired cut. For the pale blue gem variety, ''kyanite'' approximates both the color and the crystal structure of beryl, and is readily available in bead form. For the more natural sea-green type, ''prehnite'' is a reasonable choice. Some varieties of ''apatite'' have a vivid blue-green color, but the stone is rather soft and brittle.<br>Photos: aquamarine (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Aquamarine.htm] kyanite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Kyanite.htm] sapphire [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Sapphire.htm] blue topaz [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueTopaz.htm]
	*amethyst — This gemstone is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. Purple ''fluorite'' approximates the color, but is very soft in comparison. Photo: [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_amethyst.htm]		*amethyst — This gemstone is relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. Purple ''fluorite'' approximates the color, but is very soft in comparison. Photo: [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_amethyst.htm]
	*chryselectrum (golden topaz, chrysoberyl, etc) — ''Citrine'' is the obvious choice here. ''Smoky quartz'' is another possibilty, although it looks rather brown. Organic amber is a separate category, and is relatively cheap. Photos: Imperial topaz (scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/topaz.htm#CTPZ] (crystals) [~~http://crystalseen.tripod.com/images/facet%20rough/topaza.jpg~~] citrine cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_citrine.htm]		*chryselectrum (golden topaz, chrysoberyl, etc) — ''Citrine'' is the obvious choice here. ''Smoky quartz'' is another possibilty, although it looks rather brown. Organic amber is a separate category, and is relatively cheap. Photos: Imperial topaz (scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/topaz.htm#CTPZ] (crystals) [dead link], citrine cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_citrine.htm]
	*callais (turquoise) — Turquoise is still relatively inexpensive, but the price is going up. Dyed howlite is a cheap alternative (but check the cautions for lapis above). For a durable substitute consider ''amazonite'' instead. The color is just about right, but it does lack the copper inclusions.<br>Photos: Turquoise nuggets [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-TurqNuggs.htm] Amazonstone [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Amazonite.htm]		*callais (turquoise) — Turquoise is still relatively inexpensive, but the price is going up. Dyed howlite is a cheap alternative (but check the cautions for lapis above). For a durable substitute consider ''amazonite'' instead. The color is just about right, but it does lack the copper inclusions.<br>Photos: Turquoise nuggets [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-TurqNuggs.htm] Amazonstone [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Amazonite.htm]
	*chalcedony — Fairly cheap but not always obtainable under that name. Try asking for ''blue-lace agate'', which is nearly identical.<br>Photos: chalcedony [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueChalcedony.htm] blue-lace agate [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueLaceAgate.htm] blue calcite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueCalcite.htm]		*chalcedony — Fairly cheap but not always obtainable under that name. Try asking for ''blue-lace agate'', which is nearly identical.<br>Photos: chalcedony [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueChalcedony.htm] blue-lace agate [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueLaceAgate.htm] blue calcite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueCalcite.htm]

Sabine: added images

2007-06-10T03:31:04Z

added images

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 10 June 2007
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	*opal — Genuine opal is both expensive and fragile. The natural stone tends to dry out over time. Opal is also sensitive to temperatures changes and can crack without warning. Fortunately, there are several stones offering the play of color and iridescence for which opal is famous. Depending on the base color of the opal being imitated, one might consider [[moonstone]], especially the "rainbow" variety. Another good possibility is ''spectrolite'', a high grade variety of labradorite.<br>Photos: opal [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueOpal.htm] moonstone [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-MoonstoneAAA.htm] labradorite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Lab.htm] spectrolite cabs [http://www.gggems.com/labradorite.htm]		*opal — Genuine opal is both expensive and fragile. The natural stone tends to dry out over time. Opal is also sensitive to temperatures changes and can crack without warning. Fortunately, there are several stones offering the play of color and iridescence for which opal is famous. Depending on the base color of the opal being imitated, one might consider [[moonstone]], especially the "rainbow" variety. Another good possibility is ''spectrolite'', a high grade variety of labradorite.<br>Photos: opal [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-BlueOpal.htm] moonstone [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-MoonstoneAAA.htm] labradorite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Lab.htm] spectrolite cabs [http://www.gggems.com/labradorite.htm]
	*ultramarine (ancient [[sapphire]]/lapis lazuli) — Good quality lapis has become somewhat expensive, and a lot of the stuff on the market is of the "denim [[blue]]" variety. ''Sodalite'' is a good substitute although it lacks the pyrite inclusions found in genuine lapis. Dyed ''howlite'' is another possibility. Be warned, however, the dye job is seldom permanent.<br>Photos: lapis (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Lapis.htm] sodalite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Sodalite.htm]		*ultramarine (ancient [[sapphire]]/lapis lazuli) — Good quality lapis has become somewhat expensive, and a lot of the stuff on the market is of the "denim [[blue]]" variety. ''Sodalite'' is a good substitute although it lacks the pyrite inclusions found in genuine lapis. Dyed ''howlite'' is another possibility. Be warned, however, the dye job is seldom permanent.<br>Photos: lapis (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Lapis.htm] sodalite [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Sodalite.htm]

			== Extant Examples==

			From a 14th century statue.

			[[Image:FakeGems02.jpg]]

			[[Image:FakeGems01.jpg]]

	[[category:gemstones]]		[[category:gemstones]]

Ld Hærek at 17:51, 19 December 2006

2006-12-19T17:51:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:51, 20 December 2006
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	*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]		*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]
	*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]		*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]
	*'''hyacinth''' (medieval & modern [[sapphire]]) — This is another difficult stone to imitate. By the time of the [[Crusade]]s, the term "sapphire" was being used to refer to blue transparent gemstones, rather than the lapis of ancient times. A lot of medieval sapphire jewelry has proved to be nothing more than colored glass. If one wishes to use a natural gemstone substitute, the best choice, based on current prices, is ''iolite''—also known as "water sapphire"—although this stone is often more [[purple]] in color than true sapphire. Blue ''tanzanite'' is far too expensive except perhaps in baroque form. Another possibility is ''blue topaz''. This is not a naturally colored stone however. The blue coloration is produced by irradiation—either by x-ray or neutron bombardment—and ~~has~~ a tendency to fade over time. Be sure to ask for "London blue", as most blue topaz is rather pale in comparison and perhaps better suited for imitating ''aquamarine''.<br>Photos: sapphire cabs [http://www.gggems.com/sapphire_blue_cabochon.htm] iolite [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_iolite.htm] aquamarine [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_aquamarine.htm] blue quartz [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_blue_quartz.htm] <br>blue topaz (irradiated - scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/swssblue.htm#CTPZWB] (l - r) iolite, aquamarine, apatite, blue topaz [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/images/P6040071.gif]		*'''hyacinth''' (medieval & modern [[sapphire]]) — This is another difficult stone to imitate. By the time of the [[Crusade]]s, the term "sapphire" was being used to refer to blue transparent gemstones, rather than the lapis of ancient times. A lot of medieval sapphire jewelry has proved to be nothing more than colored glass. If one wishes to use a natural gemstone substitute, the best choice, based on current prices, is ''iolite''—also known as "water sapphire"—although this stone is often more [[purple]] in color than true sapphire. Blue ''tanzanite'' is far too expensive except perhaps in baroque form. Another possibility is ''blue topaz''. This is not a naturally colored stone however. The blue coloration is produced by irradiation—either by x-ray or neutron bombardment—and may have a tendency to fade over time. Be sure to ask for "London blue", as most blue topaz is rather pale in comparison and perhaps better suited for imitating ''aquamarine''.<br>Photos: sapphire cabs [http://www.gggems.com/sapphire_blue_cabochon.htm] iolite [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_iolite.htm] aquamarine [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_aquamarine.htm] blue quartz [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_blue_quartz.htm] <br>blue topaz (irradiated - scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/swssblue.htm#CTPZWB] (l - r) iolite, aquamarine, apatite, blue topaz [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/images/P6040071.gif]
	*NOTE: 1. The meaning of "carbuncle" has changed over the years. In the modern jewelry trade it refers to a cabochon that has been hollowed out. This is often done with large ''almandine'' cabs to lighten the color.		*NOTE: 1. The meaning of "carbuncle" has changed over the years. In the modern jewelry trade it refers to a cabochon that has been hollowed out. This is often done with large ''almandine'' cabs to lighten the color.

68.103.121.141 at 04:53, 29 November 2006

2006-11-29T04:53:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 29 November 2006
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	There are a number of natural gemstones that bear a strong resemblance to the cardinal stones — [[diamond]], [[emerald]], [[ruby]], and [[sapphire]]. The following is a list of natural stones (plus a few man-made ones) which may prove to be effective substitutes:		There are a number of natural gemstones that bear a strong resemblance to the cardinal stones — [[diamond]], [[emerald]], [[ruby]], and [[sapphire]]. The following is a list of natural stones (plus a few man-made ones) which may prove to be effective substitutes:
	*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm]		*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm]
	*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle. ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]		*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle.<sup>1</sup> ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]
	*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]		*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]
	*'''hyacinth''' (medieval & modern [[sapphire]]) — This is another difficult stone to imitate. By the time of the [[Crusade]]s, the term "sapphire" was being used to refer to blue transparent gemstones, rather than the lapis of ancient times. A lot of medieval sapphire jewelry has proved to be nothing more than colored glass. If one wishes to use a natural gemstone substitute, the best choice, based on current prices, is ''iolite''—also known as "water sapphire"—although this stone is often more [[purple]] in color than true sapphire. Blue ''tanzanite'' is far too expensive except perhaps in baroque form. Another possibility is ''blue topaz''. This is not a naturally colored stone however. The blue coloration is produced by irradiation—either by x-ray or neutron bombardment—and has a tendency to fade over time. Be sure to ask for "London blue", as most blue topaz is rather pale in comparison and perhaps better suited for imitating ''aquamarine''.<br>Photos: sapphire cabs [http://www.gggems.com/sapphire_blue_cabochon.htm] iolite [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_iolite.htm] aquamarine [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_aquamarine.htm] blue quartz [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_blue_quartz.htm] <br>blue topaz (irradiated - scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/swssblue.htm#CTPZWB] (l - r) iolite, aquamarine, apatite, blue topaz [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/images/P6040071.gif]		*'''hyacinth''' (medieval & modern [[sapphire]]) — This is another difficult stone to imitate. By the time of the [[Crusade]]s, the term "sapphire" was being used to refer to blue transparent gemstones, rather than the lapis of ancient times. A lot of medieval sapphire jewelry has proved to be nothing more than colored glass. If one wishes to use a natural gemstone substitute, the best choice, based on current prices, is ''iolite''—also known as "water sapphire"—although this stone is often more [[purple]] in color than true sapphire. Blue ''tanzanite'' is far too expensive except perhaps in baroque form. Another possibility is ''blue topaz''. This is not a naturally colored stone however. The blue coloration is produced by irradiation—either by x-ray or neutron bombardment—and has a tendency to fade over time. Be sure to ask for "London blue", as most blue topaz is rather pale in comparison and perhaps better suited for imitating ''aquamarine''.<br>Photos: sapphire cabs [http://www.gggems.com/sapphire_blue_cabochon.htm] iolite [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_iolite.htm] aquamarine [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_aquamarine.htm] blue quartz [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_blue_quartz.htm] <br>blue topaz (irradiated - scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/swssblue.htm#CTPZWB] (l - r) iolite, aquamarine, apatite, blue topaz [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/images/P6040071.gif]
			*NOTE: 1. The meaning of "carbuncle" has changed over the years. In the modern jewelry trade it refers to a cabochon that has been hollowed out. This is often done with large ''almandine'' cabs to lighten the color.

	== Other Substitutes ==		== Other Substitutes ==

68.103.121.141 at 04:44, 29 November 2006

2006-11-29T04:44:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 29 November 2006
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	*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm]		*'''adamant''' ([[diamond]]) — ''Rock crystal'' (a clear variety of [[quartz]]) is the classic substitute for diamonds. The best quality quartz came from central [[Europe]], near the Rhine; hence the term ''rhinestone''. Today, most rhinestone is made of glass rather than quartz. ''Swarovski crystal'' is considered to be the best. Another good possibility is ''clear topaz'', but may not be available. Heat-treated ''white sapphire'' is available at a good price. ''Herkimer diamonds'' (another variety of quartz) make convincing looking diamonds in the rough.<br>Photos: diamonds in the rough [http://www.diamondfields.com/i/photos/namibia/An-assortment-of-rough-diam.jpg] [http://blog.kievukraine.info/uploaded_images/2038-709234.jpg] Herkimer quartz crystals [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Herks.htm]
	*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle. ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]		*'''carbuncle''' ([[ruby]]) — ''[[Garnet]]'' is the best bet; it was one of the three stones classed as carbuncle. ''Spinel'' was a another type of carbuncle, but it has become rarer and more expensive than even genuine ruby. Synthetic spinel may be a good substitute however. For an economical substitute, carnelian is a good choice. The best quality is heat-treated, although it looks rather brown in comparison. For imitating [[balas ruby]] consider using ''rubellite'' (pink tourmaline). This stone can be rather expensive, but is generally more available (and affordable) than natural red spinel.<br>Photos: ruby cabs [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_ruby.htm] garnet (rhodolite) [http://www.gggems.com/rhodolite_cabochon.htm] pink tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_tourmaline_rubellite.htm]
	*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]		*'''[[emerald]]''' ([[green]] [[beryl]]) — This is a difficult stone to imitate. Few other minerals exhibit such a vivid green color. ''Green tourmaline'' or dark green ''peridot'' are generally the best choices. ''Green zoisite'' (anyolite) is a possibility, but often has ruby inclusions, and is only available in ''baroque'' (tumbled pebble) form. For those on a tight budget, ''green aventurine'' is a good choice, although it lacks the clarity of fine emerald. Make sure to obtain high-grade aventurine if possible. ''Nephrite jade'' is another economical choice. ''Green dioptase'' and ''chrome diopside'' both have the right color, but are too soft and brittle. In ancient times "emerald" referred to any green stone, including ''malachite'', which is fairly easy to obtain. Malachite has the vivid color of emerald but is an opaque stone.<br>Photos: emerald cabs [http://www.gggems.com/emeraude_cabochon.htm] chrome tourmaline [http://www.gggems.com/chrome_tourmaline_cabochon.htm] aventurine [http://www.allseason.com/images/cabochon/cc3av.gif] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-GreenAvent.htm] <br>neprhite jade [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/view/256/1566/] (tumbled) [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Tumbled-Nephrite.htm] rough emerald [http://www.hehishelo.co.uk/PageBackgrounds/PB-Rough-Emeralds.htm]
	*'''hyacinth''' (medieval & modern [[sapphire]]) — This is another difficult stone to imitate. By the time of the [[Crusade]]s, the term "sapphire" was being used to refer to blue transparent gemstones, rather than the lapis of ancient times. A lot of medieval sapphire jewelry has proved to be nothing more than colored glass. If one wishes to use a natural gemstone substitute, the best choice, based on current prices, is ''iolite''—also known as "water sapphire"—although this stone is often more [[purple]] in color than true sapphire. Blue ''tanzanite'' is far too expensive except perhaps in baroque form. Another possibility is ''blue topaz''. This is not a naturally colored stone however. The blue coloration is produced by irradiation—either by x-ray or neutron bombardment—and has a tendency to fade over time. Be sure to ask for "London blue", as most blue topaz is rather pale in comparison and perhaps better suited for imitating ''aquamarine''.<br>Photos: sapphire cabs [http://www.gggems.com/sapphire_blue_cabochon.htm] iolite [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_iolite.htm] aquamarine [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_aquamarine.htm] blue quartz [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_blue_quartz.htm] <br>blue topaz (irradiated - scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/swssblue.htm#CTPZWB] (l - r) iolite, aquamarine, apatite, blue topaz [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/images/P6040071.gif]		*'''hyacinth''' (medieval & modern [[sapphire]]) — This is another difficult stone to imitate. By the time of the [[Crusade]]s, the term "sapphire" was being used to refer to blue transparent gemstones, rather than the lapis of ancient times. A lot of medieval sapphire jewelry has proved to be nothing more than colored glass. If one wishes to use a natural gemstone substitute, the best choice, based on current prices, is ''iolite''—also known as "water sapphire"—although this stone is often more [[purple]] in color than true sapphire. Blue ''tanzanite'' is far too expensive except perhaps in baroque form. Another possibility is ''blue topaz''. This is not a naturally colored stone however. The blue coloration is produced by irradiation—either by x-ray or neutron bombardment—and has a tendency to fade over time. Be sure to ask for "London blue", as most blue topaz is rather pale in comparison and perhaps better suited for imitating ''aquamarine''.<br>Photos: sapphire cabs [http://www.gggems.com/sapphire_blue_cabochon.htm] iolite [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_iolite.htm] aquamarine [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_aquamarine.htm] blue quartz [http://www.gggems.com/cabochon_blue_quartz.htm] <br>blue topaz (irradiated - scroll up) [http://www.gemhut.com/swssblue.htm#CTPZWB] (l - r) iolite, aquamarine, apatite, blue topaz [http://www.stachurawholesalegemstones.com/images/P6040071.gif]