Empress Matilda - Revision history

Simoncursitor: sp

2011-06-23T13:02:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 23 June 2011
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	'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Edith/Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.		'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Edith/Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.

	She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[~~Plantagenent~~]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.		She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenet]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).

Simoncursitor: add mother's alt name

2011-06-23T13:00:12Z

add mother's alt name

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:00, 23 June 2011
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	'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.		'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Edith/Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.

	She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.		She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

Simoncursitor at 12:29, 19 December 2007

2007-12-19T12:29:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:29, 19 December 2007
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	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).

	When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of Henry I, therefore her brother by blood)landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].		When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of Henry I, therefore her brother by blood) landed a modest force near Arundel [[castle]] in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].

	However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's [[heir]], Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the [[Treaty]] of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the [[throne]], as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]].		However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's [[heir]], Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the [[Treaty]] of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the [[throne]], as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]].

AlexandreDavigne at 15:13, 9 November 2006

2006-11-09T15:13:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:13, 10 November 2006
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	She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.		She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen regnant]]).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).

	When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of Henry I, therefore her brother by blood)landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].		When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of Henry I, therefore her brother by blood)landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].

User 144 at 09:39, 20 May 2006

2006-05-20T09:39:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 20 May 2006
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	His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.		His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.
	[[category:12th century]] [[category:people(medieval)]][[category:monarchs (medieval)]]		[[category:12th century]] [[category:people (medieval)]][[category:monarchs (medieval)]]

User 144: categorising

2006-05-20T09:38:57Z

categorising

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 20 May 2006
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	His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.		His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.
			[[category:12th century]] [[category:people(medieval)]][[category:monarchs (medieval)]]

Simoncursitor at 07:36, 6 July 2005

2005-07-06T07:36:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 6 July 2005
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	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen regnant]]).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen regnant]]).

	When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].		When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester (illegitimate son of Henry I, therefore her brother by blood)landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].

	However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's [[heir]], Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the [[Treaty]] of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the [[throne]], as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]].		However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's [[heir]], Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the [[Treaty]] of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the [[throne]], as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]].

Cian: links

2005-04-13T04:57:05Z

links

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 13 April 2005
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	'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.		'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.

	She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to Henry V, the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.		She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his heir, having no sons, and had the English baronage swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the bishop as well as guardian of the royal treasury, and had himself declared king (he had a claim to the throne through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as Queen regnant).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen regnant]]).

	When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking ~~castles~~ held by English ~~nobles~~ in Normandy. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for Archbishop of Canterbury when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her court were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire ~~arrows~~, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a siege at Oxford for Matilda, concealed in a white cloak to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the realm for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to France.		When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking [[castle]]s held by English [[noble]]s in [[Normandy]]. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her [[court]] were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire [[arrow]]s, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a [[siege]] at [[Oxford]] for Matilda, concealed in a white [[cloak]] to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the [[realm]] for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to [[France]].

	However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's heir, Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the Treaty of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the throne, as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]]~~. <br> His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were~~.		However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's [[heir]], Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the [[Treaty]] of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the [[throne]], as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]].

			His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.

Cecilyferchmadog at 19:02, 24 March 2005

2005-03-24T19:02:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:02, 25 March 2005
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	She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to Henry V, the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.		She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to Henry V, the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his heir, having no sons, and had the English baronage swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over, to Winchester, where he ~~had~~ a ~~brother~~ as ~~bishop~~, and had himself declared king (he had a claim to the throne through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as Queen regnant).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his heir, having no sons, and had the English baronage swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the bishop as well as guardian of the royal treasury, and had himself declared king (he had a claim to the throne through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as Queen regnant).

			When Stephen made his move, it was winter and Matilda was pregnant with her third son, which delayed her making an immediate response. Over the next three years Count Geoffrey attempted to pursue the matter by attacking castles held by English nobles in Normandy. Meanwhile, Stephen had begun to lose the support of some of the English nobility and offended the clergy over a number of matters. Most especially he angered his brother Bishop Henry by not supporting him for Archbishop of Canterbury when the see became vacant. Deeming it the right moment to return, Matilda and Robert of Gloucester landed a modest force near Arundel castle in September 1139. After over a year spent gathering support, Robert of Gloucester's army was able to meet Stephen in battle at Lincoln on 2 February 1141, where Stephen was defeated and captured. With the support of Bishop Henry, Matilda was shortly declared "Lady of the English" and was about to be crowned as Queen at Westminster when the citizens of London rose against her and she and all her court were forced to flee into the countryside. Several months of intense intermittent fighting followed, during which Matilda's support melted away, in part because of her high-handedness and temper. After several setbacks, as well as the town of Winchester being burnt by an exchange of fire arrows, Matilda and her forces were routed out of Winchester in mid-September 1141. Though she escaped--being forced at one point to ride astride--Robert of Gloucester and a number of her other supporters were captured, resulting in an exchange of Gloucester for Stephen a few weeks later. Though the fighting continued intermittently over the next several years, including another dramatic escape from a siege at Oxford for Matilda, concealed in a white cloak to blend in with the snow-covered countryside, it was clear that her opportunity to become Queen had been lost and attention now focused on securing the realm for her son Henry when he should be old enough. When Robert of Gloucester died in 1147, Matilda's position became even more untenable and she soon after returned to France.
	For 3 years Matilda laid her plans and marshalled her resources. Then, in 1139, with the support of Robert of Gloucester, Matilda invaded. In 1141 she captured Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, and was on the point of making herself Queen (taking the title "''Lady of the English''") when the citizens of London rose against her and, soon after, Stephen wriggled free from his prison, swapped for Robert. A year later he was to beseige her in Oxford but (supposedly concealed within a white cloak to match the snow-covered countryside) she escaped. Their war went on until 1147, when Robert of Gloucester died, and Matilda returned to France, to govern Normandy, which Geoffrey had conquered from its duke.

	However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's heir, Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen ~~(perhaps~~ by ~~now~~ ~~wearying~~ of his ~~treachery)~~ agreed, by the Treaty of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. ~~He (~~Stephen~~, not Henry)~~ lived ~~but~~ another year ~~before God saw fit to end his nineteen year reign (which commentators cast as miserable and godless)~~ and Henry took the throne, as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]]. <br> His mother remained in France, and died in ~~1169~~, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.		However, her son [[Henry II\|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's heir, Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen, aged and grieving over the deaths of his son and wife, agreed, by the Treaty of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. Stephen lived another year, and Henry took the throne, as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]]. <br> His mother remained in France, and died in 1167, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.

Simoncursitor at 16:16, 22 March 2005

2005-03-22T16:16:50Z

New page

'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.

She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to Henry V, the [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenent]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his heir, having no sons, and had the English baronage swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over, to Winchester, where he had a brother as bishop, and had himself declared king (he had a claim to the throne through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as Queen regnant).

For 3 years Matilda laid her plans and marshalled her resources. Then, in 1139, with the support of Robert of Gloucester, Matilda invaded. In 1141 she captured Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, and was on the point of making herself Queen (taking the title "''Lady of the English''") when the citizens of London rose against her and, soon after, Stephen wriggled free from his prison, swapped for Robert. A year later he was to beseige her in Oxford but (supposedly concealed within a white cloak to match the snow-covered countryside) she escaped. Their war went on until 1147, when Robert of Gloucester died, and Matilda returned to France, to govern Normandy, which Geoffrey had conquered from its duke.

However, her son [[Henry II|Henry]] had grown into a fine man, and when, in 1153, Stephen's heir, Eustace, died, Henry crossed the Channel himself, and Stephen (perhaps by now wearying of his treachery) agreed, by the Treaty of Wallingford, that on his death Henry should succeed. He (Stephen, not Henry) lived but another year before God saw fit to end his nineteen year reign (which commentators cast as miserable and godless) and Henry took the throne, as [[England]]'s first [[Plantagenet]] [[king]]. <br> His mother remained in France, and died in 1169, the daughter, wife and mother of Henry, as it were.

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 23 June 2011
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	'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Edith/Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.		'''Matilda''' (or '''Maud''' -- the [[France\|French]] form of the name) was the daughter of [[Henry I]] of [[England]], and his wife Edith/Maud/Matilda of [[Scotland]], herself daughter of [[Malcolm III]] and Margaret, daughter of Edward Atheling.

	She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[~~Plantagenent~~]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.		She was christened Adelaide, but adopted the name of Matilda/Maud on her marriage to [[Henry V]], the [[Holy Roman Empire\|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]], in 1114, aged 12. The marriage was childless and after 11 years Henry died. She returned to England where her father arranged a new marriage for her, with Geoffrey of Anjou (nicknamed [[Plantagenet]]), he being all of 13 years old. They were to have three sons, Henry, who would later become [[Henry II]] of England, Geoffrey, [[Count]] of Nantes, and William, Count of Poitou.

	[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).		[[Henry I]] selected Matilda as his [[heir]], having no sons, and had the English [[baron\|baronage]] swear to support her. Unfortunately, when he died in 1135, [[King Stephen\|Stephen]] of Blois was positioned just across the English Channel, and he rushed over to Winchester, where his brother was the [[bishop]] as well as guardian of the royal [[treasury]], and had himself declared [[king]] (he had a claim to the [[throne]] through his mother, [[William the Conqueror]]'s daughter, Adela of [[Normandy]]; additionally, the English did not want Geoffrey of Anjou as king, and had no remembrance of a woman as [[Queen]] [[regnant]]).