Cunnan - User contributions [en]

Kingdom of Middle

2005-06-02T21:14:38Z

WanderingSpy:

Also known as Midrealm, the Kingdom of the Middle is the third oldest [[Kingdom]] in the [[Known World]]. Geographically it consists of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and a nip of Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Manitoba, and a bit of Ontario. Midrealm used to contain what is now the [[Kingdom of Northshield]].

Currently, the [[King]] and [[Queen]] are Alaric le Fevre and Noelle La Chauciere. Their successors are Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester.

== History of the Midrealm ==
The '''Middle Kingdom''' was originally a [[principality]] of the [[East Kingdom|East]] called The Principality Under the Mountain. In 1969, the legendary [[Cariadoc of the Bow]] won the first [[Crown Tourney]] of the Middle and was subsequently [[crown]]ed the first king.

The Capital Provence (that being its proper name for some time) became [[Treegirtsea]], located in Chicago. Soon afterwards, the [[Barony of North Woods]], located in Michigan, joined. These two form the basis of Middle Kingdom politics. A third group in Ohio, The [[Middle Marches]], joined and membership soon spread out into Canada, Kentucky, and the rest of the Midwest.

On October 16th, 2004, the Principality of Northshield gained Kingdom status. In early September 2004, a poll across the Middle began. It debates whether or not the [[Oaken Region]] (Ohio and Kentucky) should gain Principality status. As of September 4th, the poll has since ended, since it generated great discussions, arguments, and debates. The Web Minister claims the poll was "of a hypothetical nature".

== Past Rulers of the Middle ==
In reverse chronological order.
# Alaric le Fevre and Noelle La Chauciere- Oct '04 to Apr '05
# Felix of Rams'ey and Madelina de LaMans- May '04 to Oct '04
# Alasdair MacFhearghuis and Guenievre du Dragon Vert- Sep '03 to May '04
# Pieter van Doorn and Nan Astrid of York- May '03 to Sep '03
# Tarrach Alfson and Fina ingen Aeda- Sep '02 to May '03
# Valharic Caligula Aurelius and Alys Katharine- Apr '02 to Sep '02
# Ragnvalder Jonsson and Arabella Silvermane - Sep '01 to Apr '02
# Bardolph Odger Windlauffer and Brigh of Writer's Keep- Apr '01 to Sep '01
# Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester- Sep '00 to Apr '01
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Elayna Lilley- Apr '00 to Sep '00
# Finn Herjolfsson and Tamara Di Firenze- Sep '99 to Apr '00
# Ragnvalder Jonsson and Arabella Silvermane- Apr '99 to Sep '99
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Elayna Lilley- Sep '98 to Apr '99
# Kenna Harve by the hand of Jafar al-Safa- Apr '98 to Sep '98
## (Jafar passed from this world on December 27, 1997)
# Palymar of the Two Baronies and Aislinn de Richemont- Sep ’97 to Apr ‘98
# Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester- Mar ’97 to Sep ‘97
# Thorbjorn Osis Brandsson and Caitlin Stuart- Oct ’96 to Mar ‘97
# Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester- May ’96 to Oct ‘96
# Tarquin the Red and Aibhilin ni Dhomnaill- Oct ’95 to May ‘96
# Thorbjorn Osis Brandsson and Valthiona Cuthbert- May ’95 to Oct ‘95
# Brannos O'Iongardail and Rebekah MacTiernan- Oct ’94 to May ‘95
# Finn Herjolfsson and Garlanda de Stanas- May ’94 to Oct ‘94
# Jafar al-Safa and Catherine de la Rose- Oct ’93 to May ‘94
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Ilsa von Westfal- May ’93 to Oct ‘93
# Finn Herjolfsson and Garlanda de Stanas- Oct ’92 to May ‘93
# Ronin of Darkmoon and Katya of Shadowood Stars- May ’92 to Oct ‘92
# Comar gyr Mirand and Lisa Dolorosa- Oct ’91 to May ‘92
# David Martin and Tangwystl Failsworth- May ’91 to Oct ‘91
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Ilsa von Westfal- Oct ’90 to May ‘91
# Comar gyr Mirand and Lisa Dolorosa- May ’90 to Oct ‘90
# Fuyuzuru Tadashi and Kobayakawa Ariake- Oct ’89 to May ‘90
# Palymar of the Two Baronies and Katherine of Sternfeld- May ’89 to Oct ‘89
# Reynard the Brown and Brynhildr Kormaksdottir- Oct ’88 to May ‘89
# Corwyn Dragonstar and Shana Tala- May ’88 to Oct ‘88
# Eliahu ben Itzhak and Elen o Ddynevwr- Oct ’87 to May ‘88
# Talymar gan y Llyn and Eislinn the Patient- May ’87 to Oct ‘87
# Emrys of Gwyntarian and Emmelyne o Gwennydd- Oct ’86 to May ‘87
# Palymar of the Two Baronies and Katherine of Sternfeld- May ’86 to Oct ‘86
# Alen Elegil and Isabella of Greycliffs- Oct ’85 to May ‘86
# Corin du Soleil and Myfanwy ferch Elys- May ’85 to Oct ‘85
# Valerius Paencalvus and Fernanda de la Foret- Oct ’84 to May ‘85
# Eliahu ben Itzhak and Elen o Ddynevwr- May ’84 to Oct ‘84
# Alen Elegil and Genvieve du Vent Argent- Oct ’83 to May ‘84
# Corin du Soleil and Myfanwy ferch Elys- May ’83 to Oct ‘83
# Talymar gan y Llyn and Eislinn the Patient- Oct ’82 to May ‘83
# Andrew of SeldomRest and Anne du Fountain/Sharra de la Praderia Blanca- May ’82 to Oct ‘82
## (Anne's Letter of resignation of princess appeared in the March 1982 Pale)
## (Sharra was first listed as Princess in the April 1982 Pale)
# Moonwulf Starkaadersson and Takya Merlone- Oct ’81 to May ‘82
# Hugo von Feuerklippe and Caitlin Stuart- May ’81 to Oct ‘81
# Laurelen Darksbane and Ithriliel of Silverlake- Oct ’80 to May ‘81
# Talymar gan y Llyn and Valmai Arcalien- May ’80 to Oct ‘80
# Alen Elegil and Emmelyne o Gwennydd- Oct ’79 to May ‘80
# Laurelen Darksbane and Ithriliel of Silverlake- May ’79 to Oct ‘79
# Nathan von Daritz and Kirsten von der Walde- Sep ’78 to May ‘79
# Moonwulf Starkaadersson and Zarina Daeth- May ’78 to Sep ‘78
# Merowald de Sylveaston and Kirsten von der Walde- Oct ’77 to May ‘78
# Finnvarr de Taahe and Caellyn FitzHugh- May ’77 to Oct ‘77
# Dagan du Darregonne and Catherine of Meironydd- Oct ’76 to May ‘77
# Albert von Dreckenveldt and Selene of the Sky- May ’76 to Oct ‘76
## (Albert was proclaimed King on 9 March 1976 but not crowned until 8 May)
# Michael of BoarsHaven and Zarina Daeth- Oct’ 75 to Mar ‘76
## (Michael abdicated 9 March 1976)
## (Zarina abdicated 31 January 1976)
# Rolac the Wise and Lindanlorien Droxeen- Apr ’75 to Oct ‘75
# Dagan du Darregonne and Armida Morgan- Oct ’74 to Apr ‘75
# Bearengaer hinn Rauthi and Jessica of the Willows (later Allessandra del Castelalice)- May ’74 to Oct ‘74
# Merowald de Sylveaston and Gwendolyn ro Kearsey- Oct ’73 to May ‘74
# Andrew of SeldomRest and Anne du Fountain- May ’73 to Oct ‘73
# Thaid mac Tlesown (Later Fuyuzuru Tadashi) and Alexis Morgana- Oct ’72 to May ‘73
# Andrew of SeldomRest and Anne du Fountain- May ’72 to Oct ‘72
# Iriel of Brannoch and Morna of Cenydd- Oct ’71 to May ‘72
# Cariadoc of the Bow and Diana Alene- May ’71 to Oct ‘71
# Franz von Blinkend-Lichten and Abrizhade de Medina- Oct ‘70 to May ‘71
# Cariadoc of the Bow and Diana Alene- Sep ’69 to Oct ‘70

==External Link==

* http://www.midrealm.org/

{{SCA Kingdom}}
[[Category:Kingdoms (SCA)|Middle]]

Kingdom of Middle

2005-04-20T23:51:18Z

WanderingSpy:

Also known as Midrealm, the Kingdom of the Middle is the third oldest [[Kingdom]] in the [[Known World]]. Geographically it consists of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and a nip of Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Manitoba, and a bit of Ontario. Midrealm used to contain what is now the [[Kingdom of Northshield]].

Currently, the [[King]] and [[Queen]] are Alaric le Fevre and Noelle La Chauciere. Their successors have yet to be determined.

== History of the Midrealm ==
The '''Middle Kingdom''' was originally a [[principality]] of the [[East Kingdom|East]] called The Principality Under the Mountain. In 1969, the legendary [[Cariadoc of the Bow]] won the first [[Crown Tourney]] of the Middle and was subsequently [[crown]]ed the first king.

The Capital Provence (that being its proper name for some time) became [[Treegirtsea]], located in Chicago. Soon afterwards, the [[Barony of North Woods]], located in Michigan, joined. These two form the basis of Middle Kingdom politics. A third group in Ohio, The [[Middle Marches]], joined and membership soon spread out into Canada, Kentucky, and the rest of the Midwest.

On October 16th, 2004, the Principality of Northshield gained Kingdom status. In early September 2004, a poll across the Middle began. It debates whether or not the [[Oaken Region]] (Ohio and Kentucky) should gain Principality status. As of September 4th, the poll has since ended, since it generated great discussions, arguments, and debates. The Web Minister claims the poll was "of a hypothetical nature".

== Past Rulers of the Middle ==
In reverse chronological order.
# Alaric le Fevre and Noelle La Chauciere- Oct '04 to Apr '05
# Felix of Rams'ey and Madelina de LaMans- May '04 to Oct '04
# Alasdair MacFhearghuis and Guenievre du Dragon Vert- Sep '03 to May '04
# Pieter van Doorn and Nan Astrid of York- May '03 to Sep '03
# Tarrach Alfson and Fina ingen Aeda- Sep '02 to May '03
# Valharic Caligula Aurelius and Alys Katharine- Apr '02 to Sep '02
# Ragnvalder Jonsson and Arabella Silvermane - Sep '01 to Apr '02
# Bardolph Odger Windlauffer and Brigh of Writer's Keep- Apr '01 to Sep '01
# Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester- Sep '00 to Apr '01
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Elayna Lilley- Apr '00 to Sep '00
# Finn Herjolfsson and Tamara Di Firenze- Sep '99 to Apr '00
# Ragnvalder Jonsson and Arabella Silvermane- Apr '99 to Sep '99
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Elayna Lilley- Sep '98 to Apr '99
# Kenna Harve by the hand of Jafar al-Safa- Apr '98 to Sep '98
## (Jafar passed from this world on December 27, 1997)
# Palymar of the Two Baronies and Aislinn de Richemont- Sep ’97 to Apr ‘98
# Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester- Mar ’97 to Sep ‘97
# Thorbjorn Osis Brandsson and Caitlin Stuart- Oct ’96 to Mar ‘97
# Edmund of Hertford and Kateryn Bronwen of Gloucester- May ’96 to Oct ‘96
# Tarquin the Red and Aibhilin ni Dhomnaill- Oct ’95 to May ‘96
# Thorbjorn Osis Brandsson and Valthiona Cuthbert- May ’95 to Oct ‘95
# Brannos O'Iongardail and Rebekah MacTiernan- Oct ’94 to May ‘95
# Finn Herjolfsson and Garlanda de Stanas- May ’94 to Oct ‘94
# Jafar al-Safa and Catherine de la Rose- Oct ’93 to May ‘94
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Ilsa von Westfal- May ’93 to Oct ‘93
# Finn Herjolfsson and Garlanda de Stanas- Oct ’92 to May ‘93
# Ronin of Darkmoon and Katya of Shadowood Stars- May ’92 to Oct ‘92
# Comar gyr Mirand and Lisa Dolorosa- Oct ’91 to May ‘92
# David Martin and Tangwystl Failsworth- May ’91 to Oct ‘91
# Dag Thorgrimsson and Ilsa von Westfal- Oct ’90 to May ‘91
# Comar gyr Mirand and Lisa Dolorosa- May ’90 to Oct ‘90
# Fuyuzuru Tadashi and Kobayakawa Ariake- Oct ’89 to May ‘90
# Palymar of the Two Baronies and Katherine of Sternfeld- May ’89 to Oct ‘89
# Reynard the Brown and Brynhildr Kormaksdottir- Oct ’88 to May ‘89
# Corwyn Dragonstar and Shana Tala- May ’88 to Oct ‘88
# Eliahu ben Itzhak and Elen o Ddynevwr- Oct ’87 to May ‘88
# Talymar gan y Llyn and Eislinn the Patient- May ’87 to Oct ‘87
# Emrys of Gwyntarian and Emmelyne o Gwennydd- Oct ’86 to May ‘87
# Palymar of the Two Baronies and Katherine of Sternfeld- May ’86 to Oct ‘86
# Alen Elegil and Isabella of Greycliffs- Oct ’85 to May ‘86
# Corin du Soleil and Myfanwy ferch Elys- May ’85 to Oct ‘85
# Valerius Paencalvus and Fernanda de la Foret- Oct ’84 to May ‘85
# Eliahu ben Itzhak and Elen o Ddynevwr- May ’84 to Oct ‘84
# Alen Elegil and Genvieve du Vent Argent- Oct ’83 to May ‘84
# Corin du Soleil and Myfanwy ferch Elys- May ’83 to Oct ‘83
# Talymar gan y Llyn and Eislinn the Patient- Oct ’82 to May ‘83
# Andrew of SeldomRest and Anne du Fountain/Sharra de la Praderia Blanca- May ’82 to Oct ‘82
## (Anne's Letter of resignation of princess appeared in the March 1982 Pale)
## (Sharra was first listed as Princess in the April 1982 Pale)
# Moonwulf Starkaadersson and Takya Merlone- Oct ’81 to May ‘82
# Hugo von Feuerklippe and Caitlin Stuart- May ’81 to Oct ‘81
# Laurelen Darksbane and Ithriliel of Silverlake- Oct ’80 to May ‘81
# Talymar gan y Llyn and Valmai Arcalien- May ’80 to Oct ‘80
# Alen Elegil and Emmelyne o Gwennydd- Oct ’79 to May ‘80
# Laurelen Darksbane and Ithriliel of Silverlake- May ’79 to Oct ‘79
# Nathan von Daritz and Kirsten von der Walde- Sep ’78 to May ‘79
# Moonwulf Starkaadersson and Zarina Daeth- May ’78 to Sep ‘78
# Merowald de Sylveaston and Kirsten von der Walde- Oct ’77 to May ‘78
# Finnvarr de Taahe and Caellyn FitzHugh- May ’77 to Oct ‘77
# Dagan du Darregonne and Catherine of Meironydd- Oct ’76 to May ‘77
# Albert von Dreckenveldt and Selene of the Sky- May ’76 to Oct ‘76
## (Albert was proclaimed King on 9 March 1976 but not crowned until 8 May)
# Michael of BoarsHaven and Zarina Daeth- Oct’ 75 to Mar ‘76
## (Michael abdicated 9 March 1976)
## (Zarina abdicated 31 January 1976)
# Rolac the Wise and Lindanlorien Droxeen- Apr ’75 to Oct ‘75
# Dagan du Darregonne and Armida Morgan- Oct ’74 to Apr ‘75
# Bearengaer hinn Rauthi and Jessica of the Willows (later Allessandra del Castelalice)- May ’74 to Oct ‘74
# Merowald de Sylveaston and Gwendolyn ro Kearsey- Oct ’73 to May ‘74
# Andrew of SeldomRest and Anne du Fountain- May ’73 to Oct ‘73
# Thaid mac Tlesown (Later Fuyuzuru Tadashi) and Alexis Morgana- Oct ’72 to May ‘73
# Andrew of SeldomRest and Anne du Fountain- May ’72 to Oct ‘72
# Iriel of Brannoch and Morna of Cenydd- Oct ’71 to May ‘72
# Cariadoc of the Bow and Diana Alene- May ’71 to Oct ‘71
# Franz von Blinkend-Lichten and Abrizhade de Medina- Oct ‘70 to May ‘71
# Cariadoc of the Bow and Diana Alene- Sep ’69 to Oct ‘70

==External Link==

* http://www.midrealm.org/

{{SCA Kingdom}}
[[Category:Kingdoms (SCA)|Middle]]

Society for Creative Anachronism

2005-03-13T14:50:51Z

WanderingSpy: Removed links

The '''Society for Creative Anachronism''' (or SCA for short) is a hobby organization devoted to studying and re-creating the [[Middle Ages]] and [[Renaissance]], primarily in Western [[Europe]] but also other regions such as the Middle East and Japan. It could be considered a [[historical reenactment]] or [[living history]] organization, but, unlike most such organizations, the SCA does not concentrate on a narrowly-defined time [[period]], let alone a specific war or other event. The SCA also does not have a minimum standard of authenticity. The activities of the SCA have more to do with
re-creation (and recreation) than with re-enactment. Some SCA participants describe the SCA as a large group of people with interlocking hobbies.

At a typical SCA event, you will see a wide range in the quality of re-creations and reenactments. Some individuals may do some aspects of re-creation well (say, [[music]]), while simultaneously doing others poorly (say, [[clothing]]). Still, there is one standard that all participants of official SCA events are held to: participants should try to dress in period (i.e., pre [[17th century]]) garments.

The relatively low requirements to participate are also one of the strengths of the SCA. For example, they make it possible [[to participate in the SCA on a small budget]]. As long as you are genuinely interested in medieval or Renaissance life, there is a place for you in the SCA. If it was a job or a hobby in Period, most likely someone within the SCA practices it, sometimes to an excellent degree. Excellent practitioners are awarded a SCA [[peerage]] (SCA-wide, highest level award) known as the ''[[Order of the Laurel]]''.

The SCA is worldwide in scope. There are active groups all over the [[United States|USA]], [[Canada]], [[Europe]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]] with scattered groups elsewhere. The ''[[Known World]]'' is divided into [[Kingdoms]]. Each Kingdom determines its King and Queen by combat in a crown [[tournament]].

To prepare for tournament and wars, some groups hold 'fight practices' where a unique full contact martial art is practiced. The fighters wear armor (often of their own making) and strike each other with sticks primarily made of [[rattan]] and made to resemble [[sword]]s, [[pike]]s, [[spear]]s, [[axe]]s and other medieval weapons. This '[[Hardsuit]]' or '[[heavy fighting|Heavy Weapons Fighting]]' is interesting among [[martial arts]] for its lack of formalized training, which allows new-comers to add to the game in unpredictable ways. SCA Heavy Weapons Fighters practice many-on-many engagements called melees or wars.

Some groups practice fencing with modified rules that largely disregard [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] fencing rules. As SCA fencing is supposed to recreate courtly dueling, fencers neither recognise right-of-way nor are they forced to stay within a lane, instead fencing "in the round". SCA [[Fencing]] is based on Renaissance fencing manuals and includes two weapon, sword and cape and sword and shield styles.

Some SCA groups hold regular dance practices where [[Renaissance Dance]] and [[English Country Dance]] is taught.

''See also:'' [[Live-action roleplaying games]]

== External Links ==
The SCA website - http://www.sca.org/

Talk:Holy Land

2005-01-20T22:31:33Z

WanderingSpy:

''To the Muslims, arguably, the entire Earth is a Holy Land, merely awaiting their reconquest of it from the hands of the UnFaithful. ''

Umm, can we get that deleted? That's pretty bigoted.

Kingdom of Middle

2004-12-04T21:06:23Z

WanderingSpy:

Siege

2004-10-28T22:48:58Z

WanderingSpy:

==How to Siege a Castle for Fun and Profit==
The first step is to raise an army. Rome wasn't built in a day, you know, and neither is an army. To get all the men together (you need 16,000 at least, though you'll wish you had a million), supplies, training, equipment, will take at least the winter and at most 2 years (unless your army is especially daft).

==Before you begin, ask yourself the following questions:==
1. What is the terrain? Is the castle on a large field? Then you probably want a large army with some decent cavalry to mop up any escapees. Is the castle bordered by the sea? Use some ships to back up your land army. Is it in the mountains? Close off the roads and use infantry almost exclusively. Is it on an island? Naval blockade. Pick the right force for the right job.

2. Why are you attacking the castle? Do you want it for yourself? You should probably surround it and starve out the current residents. Pack plenty of food, because you can be certain that they will. Is it in the way? Use siege engines to knock it down. Do you want to make an example? Find a way in and slaughter everyone. If you don't know why you are attacking, go home.

3. Consider your enemy. Does he have allies? Is his army fielded? Does he possess a superior number? Better technology? Is he more handsome? Take all of these factors into account before you start.

4. What are the consequences? Who would retaliate? Would your major religious leader or secular ruler be upset? What happens if you lose?

==Moving Out==
If you have decided, after asking yourself these questions, that you wish to go through with this, congratulations! You are on your way to making war. Organize your men, discuss your plan with your subordinates. Before you go, check your "Handy Checklist of Sieging":

[]Troops

[]Arms

[]Food for at least a year

[]Personal Equiment and Effects

[]Did you use the bathroom?

[]Is your fireplace still on?

[]Small siege engines (ballistae, small rams)

If all of these are checked, go ahead.

==Starting Your Siege==
Okay, you've bottled your enemy inside his castle. Ask for his surrender. Either he'll give in, or tell you to go to Hell.

''finishing later-WanderingSpy''

Siege weapon

2004-10-28T22:41:18Z

WanderingSpy: /* Siege Weapons in the SCA */

Large weapons, including [[catapult]]s, the [[trebuchet]], [[ballista]], and other large scale weapons.

Commonly used as [[period]] [[artillery]], and against stationary targets, like [[castle]]s and other fortifications. Siege weapons were only occasionally used in an anti-personnel capacity.

==Siege Weapons in the SCA==
In the [[SCA]], siege weapons can be used in [[war]]s. If a [[fighter]] is struck by a projectile from a siege weapon then the convention is that they are [[dead]]. Not even [[plate armour is proof]].

[[Engineer]]s operate [[siege]] weapons. If the weapon misfires or is struck by another weapon's projectiles then the weapon is regarded as destroyed. If all the engineers are killed by any means, then the siege weapon can be captured and used by the opposing force.
[[category:weapons]]

Bugle

2004-10-28T22:26:27Z

WanderingSpy: /* Bugle (instrument) */

==Bugle (instrument)==
A '''bugle''' is a [[horn]] instrument. It is a Middle [[English]] term that is the same as the [[Old English]] word for a type of buffalo or [[cow]].

When used as an old war horn it can mean either "here comes fun!" or "I'm coming to kill you" (or both) depending on the context. [[The Axemen]] currently have two in their possession, yet they don't possess an ability to play them with any talent, which may help to explain why so many are after their heads.

Otherwise defined as an ear-splitting good time.

The bugles commonly called "cavalry bugles", because that's what they come with, have no keys and can only play 4ths and 8ths. (ex. A B flat bugle can only play B flats and Fs, though of many octaves.)

[[Modern]] bugles are keyed and also called Kent Bugles. ''Does anyone know when they were invented?''
[[category:musical_instruments]]

==Bugle (herb)==
'''Bugle''' or '''bugleweed''' is a member of the [[mint]] family.

{{stub}}
[[category:herbs]]

Cornet

2004-10-28T22:24:01Z

WanderingSpy: /* Cornet (music) */

==Cornet ([[clothing]])==
A '''cornet''' is a conical [[hat]] or headdress worn by [[medieval]] women. My [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=cornet meager references] disagree on what century is appropriate.

==Cornet (jewellery)==
A '''cornet''' is an obscure form of [[coronet]], a type of crown.

==Cornet ([[music]])==
A '''cornet''' is a musical instrument, a type of [[horn]]closely related to the trumpet, but it is smaller and has a higher range.

==Cornet ([[heraldry]])==
In the [[SCA]], a '''cornet''' is a [[herald]]-in-training.
[[category:musical instruments]]
[[category:heraldry]]

Kingdom of Middle

2004-10-27T22:04:15Z

WanderingSpy:

Glass grenades

2004-10-17T22:59:44Z

WanderingSpy:

A '''glass grenade''' is the colloquial term for over-pressurised [[bottle]]s encountered during [[brewing]]- more specifically, if said bottle goes pop with considerably messy consequences...

[[Yeast]]s, used in [[brewing]], produce CO<sub>2</sub> as a waste product. If an [[alcohol]]ic beverage is bottled while the yeast is still active, the gas will build up in the bottle.

This can be desirable if you want your [[beer]] or [[wine]] to be "sparkling", but if the beer/wine is bottled too early, the pressure can cause the bottle to explode.

This is a Bad Thing™, especially if the bottle is [[glass]]. Not only are exploding bottles a hazard, but they can be a real mess to clean up. Glass is hard to get out of carpet, especially when you have sticky beer making it difficult to vacuum.

What complicate matters is that if your bottles are near each other, one explosion can set off all the rest.

So, some basic safety measures are in order:

* If you are making a non-sparkling wine, make sure you wait long enough that the ferment is definitely over. Don't just rely on a [[hydrometer]], use some common sense. Make certain that the wine is completely clear - clear enough to read through, for a white wine. Shine a torch through it and see if there is a scattering effect - if so there's still some yeast there. Be patient: the longer you wait, the better it will taste. It's better to wait now and have better wine than to lose the whole batch to explosions.
* If you are bottling sparkling wine, make sure you have pressure-proof bottles (eg champagne bottles) with the proper corks for bottling under pressure. You can also go for crown-seals, but you'll have to have enough personality to stand up under the pressure of people looking down their noses. There's still considerable prejudice about this option, due to the way it slows the aging of a wine.
* Don't estimate a time to bottle based on if you think there might be enough [[sugar]] left in the brew to get it to pressurise. This is a sure-[[fire]] way for the yeast to prove you wrong and keep at it longer than you expect. I would recommend that instead of guessing how depleted the sugar is and picking a time to bottle before the yeast finishes, you let the yeast finish - completely. Then add some more sugar when bottling to pressurise. This gives you two things: firstly, the safety of knowing and controlling how much goes into each bottle (and thus how pressurised it'll be), secondly, the consistency of pressurisation which gives you a gauge to work against for the next brew batch.
* If you don't know how much sugar to put in, you can generally get those "brewing sugar tablets" from the [[supermarket]] that give a pre-measured amount of sugar for each bottle. Read the instructions carefully - make sure you know what size bottle you're using! Another alternative is to use a sugar dispenser that releases a set amount of sugar.
* It's a good idea to store pressurised bottles in a way that they won't set each other off (in chain reaction). One method to prevent your entire batch from decorating the ceiling is to put the bottles in a box, then tip a few buckets-full of sand over the top. Each bottle is separated and cushioned from each other bottle. This sand will absorb most of the "blast" if there is a grenade, and will give you a chance to save the remaining bottles.
* If you don't need effervescence, and have particular problems with a batch, you can use a wine stabiliser such as potassium sorbate. Potassium sorbate doesn't kill yeast, but does prevent it from reproducing. It won't stop a fermentation, but will prevent yeast from waking up in the bottle.
* As a final alternative, if you are only going to be storing the beer for a short period of time, and again don't mind a few sneers... store it in the big plastic coke bottles. Not only are these rated for ridiculously high pressure levels, but if one goes pop, you have a split bit of plastic, but no glass shards in the carpet. I wouldn't recommend this for anything more than a few weeks as the plastic-taste is eventually going to be a problem (so not the solution for wines) but it is a great safety measure and cheap and easy to transport. You may have to hide them at events due to the non-period nature of the vessel (a [[cloth]] [[bag]] the size of your bottle works nicely). Preferably, pour it into a decanter or jug when you're ready to drink it.

[[Category:Brewing]]

Rain

2004-10-16T03:07:40Z

WanderingSpy:

The bane of [[re-enactment]] events. If nothing else '''rain''' gives everyone a chance to use all those [[old english]] [[swear word]]s they just happened to stumble across while [[research]]ing.

Not only does rain dampen (pardon the pun) the liveliness of [[re-enactment]], but historically as well. Rain is incredibly difficult to fight in. It lowers the visibility for [[scouts]] and [[archers]], makes [[armor]] uncomfortable, and slows down [[cavalry]] tremendously.

In addition to the problems of battle, rain (especially cold rain) can cause pneumonia, laying an [[army]] to waste just as easily as the enemy. Warm rain attracts all manners of [[diseases]].

Into the [[gunpowder age]], rain made [[firearms]] impossible to use. Early gunpowder needed to stay dry, or it would either misfire or not fire at all.

Rain sucks.

Talk:Venice

2004-10-07T15:38:34Z

WanderingSpy:

There's a very good restaurant just next to St. Mark's. Go from the Basilica enterance straight towards the long wall of the square. You can't miss it.
[[User:WanderingSpy|WanderingSpy]] 01:38, 8 Oct 2004 (EST)

John Lackland

2004-10-07T15:35:29Z

WanderingSpy:

'''John Lackland''' was an [[Angevin]] [[king]] of [[England]] (1199-1216 AD) and was brother to his predecessor, [[Richard I]]. He had many failures, losing his [[France|French]] territories (hence the nickname "Lackland" or "Sans Terre"), being [[excommunication|excommunicated]] by the [[Pope]] and being forced to ratify the [[Magna Carta]]. He is also known as the [[Prince John]] of the [[Robin Hood]] stories and didn't have a good reputation with his populace. However, he did manage to maintain a number of the reforms instituted by his father, [[Henry II]].

He married twice. First to Isabella (also known, variously, as Avice or Advisa, Hawise, Joan and Eleanor) ,daughter of William, Earl of Gloucester with no children. Second to Isabella daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme, with the children [[Henry III|Henry]], Richard, Isabella & Eleanor. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, whom he married to Llewelyn the Great, of Wales, thereby initiating the English claim to sovreignty over Wales.

He was a loser if there ever was one. Not only was he plagued with the problems both he and [[Richard I]] created, but near the end of his life, his personal belongings were misplaced in a soggy bog called Wash. Hereafter, he is called "The King who lost his clothes in the Wash".

<center>
<table border = 1>
<tr>
<td width = 30% align = center>
Preceded by:<br>[[Richard I]]
<td width = 40% align = center>
[[English Monarchs]]
<td width = 30% align = center>
Succeeded by:<br>[[Henry III]]
</table>
</center>

[[Category:12th century]]

William the Conqueror

2004-10-07T15:30:21Z

WanderingSpy:

Sometimes known as ''William the Bastard'', having been born the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy. William inherited the Duchy upon his father's death, but is best known for succesfully leading the [[Norman conquest]] of [[England]].

William first attempted to gain England through diplomatic manouveuring. He first claimed that [[Edward the Confessor]] had named him successor in 1051, and then in 1064 he convinced [[Harold Godwinson]] to swear fealty to him and relinquish his claim to the throne. The latter event almost certainly took place under duress, and the former may not have happened at all, but he used both as a pretext for invasion when the [[witan]] declared Harold king in January [[1066]].

William delayed his assault until late September, waiting for favourable winds. All this stretched Harold's resources, as not only did he need to stay on high military alert for several months, but he also had to fight and defeat [[Harald Hardrada]] at the demanding [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]].

William's victory at the [[Battle of Hastings]] marked a turning point in English history. Not only was it the most successful invasion of Britain by a foreign force, it also marked the begining of a new dynasty. All kings of England number themselves from the ascension of the [[Norman]] kings.

Having been crowned in 1066, William set about securing his new kingdom. Uprisings were brutally quelled, Norman lords were installed into places of power, and by 1072 the whole of England had been united once more.

In [[1085]] William commissioned the [[Domesday book]] to give a more detailed picture of the land he had conquered.

William died in [[1087]], and was succeded by his his second son, [[William Rufus]].

William's burial was...less than dignified. By the time of his death, he had reached around 300 pounds. Not only was it extremely difficult to put that much flab into a casket, but when the pallbearers attempted to close the casket at the funeral, the noxious gases of death were released from William (to put it lightly), and the entire crowd ran to the nearest garderobe in disgust.

El Cid

2004-09-25T01:51:08Z

WanderingSpy:

El Cid

2004-09-24T11:40:53Z

WanderingSpy: /* El Cid */

El Cid was a Spanish knight from the Early Middle Ages. He is most famous for his exploits against and alongside the Moors, and is commonly thought of as the first Christian king of Valencia.
==El Cid's early life==
''Again, I'll be updating this later...darn school-WanderingSpy''

El Cid

2004-09-24T11:40:27Z

WanderingSpy:

=El Cid=
El Cid was a Spanish knight from the Early Middle Ages. He is most famous for his exploits against and alongside the Moors, and is commonly thought of as the first Christian king of Valencia.
==El Cid's early life==
''Again, I'll be updating this later...darn school-WanderingSpy''

Ship

2004-09-23T22:01:52Z

WanderingSpy:

=Ship=
A ship is a sea vessel. This is not to be confused with a boat, which is also a sea vessel. The rule of thumb is, "A boat can fit onto a ship, but a ship cannot fit onto a boat." So, a ship is just a huge boat. During the age of sail ([[SCA]] [[period]]), a ship was any vessel with three square-sail masts and a bowspirit (the little pole jutting out in front).
==Ships In History==
Since man could dig out a log, he has been making ships. Over the years, they have taken different shapes. Early ships were simply big boats, with expansions on either side to increase space (the catamaran is a perfect example). Biremes and triremes were ships used first by the Hellenes and were used in differing forms until the 14th century, mostly under the term "Galley". Galleys were then rendered obsolete by the more powerful "Man o' War". In the [[Viking]] lands, longships were predominant.
==Ships in the SCA==
Obviously, due to an utter lack of sea battles, ships are nearly non-existant in the SCA (at least, in the [[Midrealm]]). But, that doesn't mean you can't be knowlegeable about ships, or even crew one! A Viking who knows diddly about the Longship would be laughed out of his own community. Perhaps your persona owns, crews, or captains one of these vessels.

===List of Period Ships===
The following is a list of period ships:
*Brigantine ([[17th century]] on)
*Caravels ([[15th century]] on)
*Carrack (15th-16th century)
*Cog (10th-12th century)
*Fireships (full period)
*Galleon ([[16th century]] on)
*Galley (4th to [[14th century]])
*Knarr (Viking era)
*Longship (Viking era)
*Schooner (16th-[[17th century]] on)

==Terminology==
Obviously, if you are a sea dog, you have to sound like one!
*Fleet, Flotilla- A group of ships.
**Convoy- A group of merchant or trade ships.
**Navy- A group of military ships.
*Bottom- The ship, sans sails or mast or rigging; i.e. the hull and decks.
*Sail- Unit of ship; ex. "The English have a fleet of 50 sail". Also, the thing that makes most ships go.
*Bow- Front of ship.
*Stern- Back of ship.
*Starboard- Right side of ship.
*Port- Left side of ship.
*Deck- Floor or level of ship.
*Rigging- All the ropes and such.
*Maidenhead- The decorative carving on the bow of many ships.

Ship

2004-09-23T14:19:25Z

WanderingSpy:

Marzipan

2004-09-20T22:40:56Z

WanderingSpy:

A tasty [[fudge]]-like food that is made from [[almond]]s. Tastes very good when dipped in [[chocolate]] (although that isn't very [[period]])

Marzipan is easily made using ground almond meal and [[egg]] yolks. It molds and sculpts very easily and therefore is very often used in the creations of [[subtleties]]. It also takes [[food dye]]s and paint well. Ground almond meal is quite expensive if you buy it from a [[supermarket]], but in [[Australia]] it only costs around $9 per kilogram from the market or a place like Hindustan Supermarket, Greens Rd, Dandenong in [[Melbourne]] (which is THE place to buy cheap [[spice]]s, including many hard to get ones).

==History of Marzipan==
During the siege of Toledo, the food supplies were running low. So, the inhabitants mixed together the only foods left, almonds and eggs, added some water, and voila! Marzipan was born.

Alchemy

2004-09-14T00:25:28Z

WanderingSpy:

'''Alchemy''' was a pseudoscience of [[medieval]] times, probably influenced by the [[Egypt]]ians and the [[Greek Philosophy]] of [[Democritus]].

It is based on the idea that the world is composed of the four elements [[fire]], air, water and earth. These elements are considered to be contained in all things, the most common example being wood which "obviously" contained earth (which was why it was hard) and water (sap when squeezed out) and air (smoke when lit) and fire (you could light it). It was a nice little theory...

The basic idea of the atom as the "smallest unit of divisibility" was also formed during this time - though this truly bears little relation to the present-day concept of the atom (which is merely named after the Democritian concept). Atoms were considered to be tiny, perfect spheres and made up of one of the four above-mentioned elements... like I said, a nice little theory and a lot more advanced than the infinite-turtles style of science that was around previously.

One of the concepts was that, because [[lead]] and [[gold]] (the perfect metal) were from the earth element, earth could therefore be turned into lead and gold using an "appropriate catalyst" known as the [[Philosophers stone|Philosopher's Stone]]. This was a magical substance which could turn water into [[wine]], heal the sick, and as mentioned, turn really boring lumps of metal into gold and [[silver]]. Most of it though was just processes like mixing [[copper]] with [[arsenic]] to give it a silver finish, or a philosophical trick by which the alchemist's [[apprentice]], through years of hard work and training, was turned from lead (i.e. an ignorant klutz) into gold (i.e. an alchemically educated klutz). :)

Despite never discovering the Philosopher's Stone, alchemists did come up with a number of interesting reactions and the knowledge gathered eventually led to the foundations of modern [[chemistry]].

Alchemy also gave rise to concept of the [[panacea]], the "[[medicine]]" to cure all illnesses - also never found, but a search for it led to an interesting number of ways to [[poison]] oneself (mercury, silver and lead poisoning being numbered under the chief ways that alchemists died).

Epee

2004-09-13T21:22:05Z

WanderingSpy:

A [[fencing]] [[sword]] with a bowl-shaped guard and a long, narrow, fluted [[blade]] that has no cutting edge and tapers to a blunted point.
A cross section of the weapon shows that the blade is triangular in shape. Due to its thickness, the blade is more straight and harder to 'whip' than the [[foil]].
In the rules of sport fencing, the entire body is a valid target in epee fencing. This explains the large guard (commonly called a "bell guard" for its sonic abilities), as the hand is also a valid target. Epee fencing tends to be slower between actions than the other weapons.
[[category:weapons]]

Potato

2004-09-10T21:34:08Z

WanderingSpy:

'''Potatoes''' were not seen during [[period]] (in [[Europe]] at any rate) until very late. As a result they are not seen in Period [[cooking]]. If you really don't think you can go an entire meal without potatoes, you might like to consider [[parsnip]] as a period replacement.

== A Brief History of Potatoes ==
Potatoes are indigenous to the South America, and it is far from unusual for people with Incan personas to not use the vegetable in their own dishes. Thanks to the Columbian Exchange, potatoes were introduced in the 1500's after the Spanish conquest of the Incan Empire.
They were most likely introduced to England by Sir Francis Drake around 1586. Potatoes happened to grow incredibly well in Ireland, and became the staple food of that region by 1650. It is ironic that a vegetable we typically associate with Ireland actually is American.

For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato

Cunnan:Village pump

2004-09-09T22:35:46Z

WanderingSpy:

In [[Medieval village]]s people would gather at the '''Village Pump''' to discuss those items that were important to their lives. On [[Cunnan]] the Village Pump serves a similar purpose: Giving users a place to meet and discuss current events, policy and content.
----
[http://www.sca.org.au/cunnan/wiki.phtml?title=Cunnan:Village_pump&action=edit&section=new You can add a new topic/question by clicking here.]
----

== Announcements ==
* Some of the old Village pump articles have been moved to save space:
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2003)|Moved during 2003]]
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2004)|Moved during 2004]]

== Topics ==

=== sca.org.au documentation ===

Just wondering whether cunnan might be a useful place to store the documentation that I have started to put together for the databases and stuff on sca.org.au? This includes the new registry & groups database, and the events database (currently mentioned on the Arrowsreach wiki, but plan to start coding on it soon).

Specifically, neither the FAQ nor the policy document says what sort of articles are OK to put on Cunnan. The front page says it's a medieval & renaissance wiki with an SCA slant but that doesn't really cover it in my opinion. The SCA covers lots of areas, and there probably could be a lot of stuff added here about SCA administration, etc, but it isn't really related to the middle ages or renaissance.

Also, a side note, sca.org.au is going to get an OS upgrade sometime during October. That will mean things like a new PHP version, a new version of Apache (from 1.3 to 2.0) etc. Keep an eye on the site mailing list for annoucements.

[[User:Del|Del]]

: My view is that this is a beginner's encyclopaedia to the [[Middle Ages]]. It is being written with the knowledge that [[recreationist]]s are the main users. A decision had obviously been made in the past that the pages were allowed to relate the historical data specifically to how the [[SCA]] is played. This has been expanded by writers (like me) into pages that are specifically on how the SCA runs (cf. [[Board of Directors]] etc). I helped here to reduce the ambiguity of SCA jargon between branches and help define the roles of [[officer]]s etc for those outside the offices. However, I still feel that the main purpose of [[Cunnan]] should be basic historical information. While it could be used as an SCA database, that should not swamp the rest of the system. This is especially important if the SCA stuff was just relating to one [[Kingdom]], not the SCA as a whole. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 14:53, 2 Aug 2004 (EST)

:I think general SCA information would be no problem but Kingdom specific info would only clutter things up, IMO. There are enough people asking why we do SCA and general medieval info as it is. Maybe we should consider forking into two wikis eventually (I think it'll be a long time before this is actually needed though) - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 16:01, 8 Aug 2004 (EST)

=== Another upgrade ===
Those of you who contribute to the Wikipedia will have noticed that over the past few days it has undergone a major facelift as well as having a major feature upgrade. Once the software settles down and the new version is released to the public I will install it here. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 10:43, 1 Jun 2004 (EST)

:The upgrade is now complete. I apologize for the abruptness of the upgrade but there was a problem with the old software (I would have had to reinstall it or install this newer version). The new interface can be customized and we will have category support again.

:As always you should report any problems here. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 18:14, 8 Jun 2004 (EST)

Uploading has been disabled. Was this deliberate, or is it as a result of the upgrade? [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 00:11, 10 Jun 2004 (EST)

:It was deliberate (and done on account of the upgrade). I've re-enabled uploads now. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 01:14, 10 Jun 2004 (EST)

=== Information taken from Wikipedia ===
I've noticed that Cunnan is listed on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copies_of_Wikipedia_content_%28low_degree_of_compliance%29 (under SCA wiki). I think that we are listed on the wrong page since we meet the criteria for moderate compliance but that is beside the point. We really should do something about this when we come across articles of our that are copied from the Wikipedia. Just adding "Some of this articles content were taken from the Wikipedia article at ''http://whateverurl''" would be sufficient. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 10:43, 1 Jun 2004 (EST)

=== re/moving misspelt page titles ===

Hi,
I have noticed that there is a page for Pavillions. This is a misspelling of Pavilions and while I have corrected all the words inside the page, I don't know how to move the filename. The only way I know is to make a new Pavilions page and redirect Pavillions to it but I am not happy to do this.

Please advise,

Cian, the spelling pedant.

:If you are logged in (which you seem to be). You can move a page by clicking the "move" link. It should be along the top of the article (if you are using the new design) or in the left hand set of menus (if you are using the old design). You'll be asked where to move the page to and the old version will be turned into a redirect. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] (PS writing <nowiki>~~~</nowiki> will automatically sign your name on talk pages)

=== Yet another upgrade ===
There will be a minor version upgrade tonight (sorry about the short notice). There will be no (big) cosmetic changes this time just a few bug-fixes. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 19:15, 8 Jul 2004 (EST)

:Done. If anything explodes mention it here. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 20:13, 8 Jul 2004 (EST)

:Grrr, I broke special characters again. Fixed again. I'll update the database to UTF-8 soon so that this doesn't keep happening. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 20:36, 8 Jul 2004 (EST)

::Not sure if it is related to these changes, but I had something break, I was looking at my watchlist and clikced of "7 days" and it gave me this error:

:::Fatal error: Call to undefined function: floatval() in /home/sca/public_html/cunnan/includes/SpecialWatchlist.php on line 74
::::: Should be fixed now. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 19:59, 13 Jul 2004 (EST)

::it was the same when I tried clicking on the other day or hour fields for this page. Cheers, [[User:Taryn|taryn]]

::I'm getting the following whenever I use the search box and click [Search]
:::Warning: Wrong datatype for second argument in call to in_array in /home/sca/public_html/cunnan/includes/FulltextStoplist.php on line 588
:::Warning: Wrong datatype for second argument in call to in_array in /home/sca/public_html/cunnan/includes/FulltextStoplist.php on line 588
:: - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 15:08, 13 Jul 2004 (EST)

===Copying from Wikipedia?===

Is it OK to copy articles from Wikipedia to add here? I would of course put the Wikipedia legal stuff on the copied content. I am not sure if this fits this community so I thought I would ask. [[User:Sir Michael|Sir Michael]] 22:22, 30 Jul 2004 (EST)

: Copying from the Wikipedia is fine '''if''' you add something like "Some of this article's content were taken from the Wikipedia article at http://whateverurl". - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 23:11, 30 Jul 2004 (EST)

===New Article===

I am planning on writing an article on libraries in Europe during the [[middle ages]]. I will probably take some info from Wikipedia and add stuff from my own knowledge of library history. Where should I add the internal links? I don't want to orphan this article. I think [[education]] and [[university]] are good starts. Are there others? Thanks. [[User:Sir Michael|Sir Michael]] 11:34, 8 Aug 2004 (EST)

:There are probably others but you can always add links from them after you have written your new article. Its also perfectly acceptable to add "See also" type links to the end of related articles.

:Wikis grow chaotically but in the long run they sort themselves out. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 16:12, 8 Aug 2004 (EST)

:: I see nothing wrong with searching Cunnan for instances of "library" or "libraries". If even slightly relevant, then make it [[library]]. That and the random page button is how I find most pages I read. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 10:35, 9 Aug 2004 (EST)

=== Admin Nominations ===
I'd like to nomiate [[User:Cian|Cian]] for adminship and [[User:Tiff|Tiff]] and [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] for promotion to bureaucrats (admins that can create other admins). If no one objects I'll do this sometime next week.

Its probably also time we looked at a better system of nominating admins (it seems like a bad idea to keep leaving these things to a single person). - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 10:33, 17 Aug 2004 (EST)

:I think having a nomination and a seconder from those with at least admin levels is probably ideal. Give a week's lead time in case there are objections (unlikely in the near future), and if there are objections have a vote.

:Oh, yeah, and I second Cian. [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 18:49, 18 Aug 2004 (EST)

=== Subcategories ===
I have created a new category [[:category:armour]] and I have also created [[:category:SCA armour]]. I would like to make the second a subcategory of the first. How do I do that? - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]]
Subcategories are added to to parent categories in the same way that articles are. Edit [[:category:SCA armour]] and add <nowiki>[[Category:Armour]]</nowiki> to the text. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]]

=== Spammers ===
I've been seeing this happen a lot recently. Has the chinese spammer always been a problem, or just recently? Can we ban them for more than a month, somewhere around indefinitely?- [[User:WanderingSpy| WanderingSpy]]

Non-period food

2004-09-08T21:28:18Z

WanderingSpy:

Not all food that is commonly eaten today was available in [[Europe]] in [[period]]. Various plants originated in the [[New World]] and took a while to become used in Europe.
*[[chocolate]] (well there is ONE specific recipe for chocolate tart that is apparently documentably pre-[[1600]] (just), but all other uses of chocolate are best proven period first).
*new world [[vegetable]]s
**[[tomato]]
**[[potato]]
**[[sweet potato]]s
**[[corn]](maize)
**[[beans]] of the snap, kidney and lima variety
**[[squash]]
*new world [[fruits]]
**[[pumpkins]]
**[[pineapples]]
**[[papayas]]
*[[tropical fruit]]s
**[[pawpaw]]
**[[mango]]
**[[pineapple]]
*[[meats]]
**[[turkey]]
**[[llama]]
**[[alpaca]]
**[[guinea pigs]]

(Note-Yes, those meats can be eaten and were by indigenous tribes.)

Fealty

2004-09-04T21:46:58Z

WanderingSpy:

Fealty in the [[SCA]] is an oath sworn by peers of the realm to the [[Crown]] and [[Kingdom]], represented by the person of the [[King]] and [[Queen]]. Often, Fealty may be sworn to other powers that be, such as a [[Prince]] or [[Princess]], or an [[apprentice]], [[squire]], or [[protege]] might swear fealty to their [[peer]].

In the [[SCA]], all [[Knight]]s are required to swear fealty to the [[Crown]]. [[Masters at Arms]] are also peers of the Order of the Chilvary, however reserve the right to swear fealty instead. The other peers ([[Laurel]]s and [[Pelican]]s) are given the right to swear fealty if they choose, and will be called the same thing regardless of their choice.

In the [[Kingdom of Lochac]], [[Kingdom]] [[Greater Officer]]s are required to swear fealty, whereas [[Kingdom]] [[Lesser Officer]]s are able to swear fealty should they choose.

The [[laws]] of the [[Kingdom of Lochac]] prohibit fealty being required to any body lower than a [[Principality]], i.e. [[Baron]]s and [[Baroness]]es may not require that their subjects swear fealty.

The fealty oath in the [[Kingdom of Lochac]] may be found in the [[Lochac Ceremony Book]], which can in turn be found linked from http://www.sca.org.au/herald/

Fealty is generally indicated by the wearing of a plain chain of links either as a necklace, or a small linked chain under their peerage badge. It is thus considered slightly out-of-place to wear such a plain chain if you are not a peer and have not sworn fealty.

In the [[Kingdom of Middle]], landed [[Baron]]s and [[Prince]]s must swear fealty every reign in person to either the King or his appointed representative. [[Greater Officer]]s, and [[Knight]]s may choose to swear fealty or not.

The oaths of fealty (as the Middle has many variances) can be found in the Laws of the Middle Kingdom, linked at http://www.midrealm.org/seneschallorum/midrealmlaw.doc

Other random notes on fealty:

* It is a [[Jew|Jewish]] tradition not to swear fealty under any circumstances, as this is prohibited by the [[Kol Nidre]]. Most [[Jew|Jewish]] peers in the [[SCA]] do not swear fealty for this reason.
* [[Fitzherbert on Fealty]]

Kingdom of Middle

2004-09-04T21:35:56Z

WanderingSpy: /* History of the Midrealm */

Kingdom of Middle

2004-09-03T02:08:34Z

WanderingSpy:

User:WanderingSpy

2004-09-03T01:47:19Z

WanderingSpy:

WanderingSpy is a peculiar sort of guy. He expresses major interest in the SCA, yet he is actually not a member! His current occupations (namely, high school, sport fencing, and band, and a job) take up his time. This explains why his name is far from period. Or even a name.
He hopes to one day join in college (probably in the East) along with his friends, who already show signs of being members of a siege crew or heavy archers.

User talk:WanderingSpy

2004-09-03T01:38:27Z

WanderingSpy:

Hi again,

That's great stuff for the [[Middle Kingdom]]. Having an 11 month-old child I understand about late nights making the mind a little befuddled.

[[Cunnan]] was started in the [[College of St Monica]] in [[Lochac]], has been shifted to the [[SCAA]] server and now has editors like yourself from all over the [[Known World]]. So we don't consider you a "Wandering Spy". However, the main editors still seem to be people at St Mon's.

We are trying to make the content:
#Not Lochac or [[Melbourne]] specific
#contain historical data as well as [[SCA]]-related info
The aim stated on the front page is to help medieval recreationists and reenactors from all groups, but unfortunately most of our contributors are still just SCA.

One question though. Do people ever call it the Kingdom of the Middle? Or just Midrealm or Middle Kingdom?
:- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] (who is a nosey linguist)

User talk:Cian

2004-09-03T01:37:37Z

WanderingSpy:

Hello Cian, congratulations on logging in and editing. You can keep track of your contributions at [[Special:Contributions/Cian]]

Remember to visit the [[Cunnan:Village pump|Village pump]] if you have any questions.

[[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 12:55, 9 Jun 2004 (EST)

== Double redirects ==

Yes double redirects stopping halfway is to be expected. Its done that way to stop redirects from going around in circles (since having the software check for duplicates in a, potentially, very long chain could make the server grind to a halt). You can find broken and double redirects using the [[Special:Maintenance]] tools. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 13:40, 17 Jun 2004 (EST)

== Ulrich ==

My source for the minnesingers is a book in the main library called "The Minnesang". It is located at 830.1 in the U collection. 830.1 and 830.2 are good places to look for stuff on the Minnesingers, but you have to wade through a few German language books. My troubadour references are a little more diverse. Cheers [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 11:36, 29 Jul 2004 (EST)

== Sekanjabin ==

Hiya! Sekanjabin is an unusual case because it would certainly classify as a cordial in period - a syrupy medicinal potion - but our modern usage is that of a beverage. I've made some good variations with spice and some fruit flavorings. I suspect any syrup in a well-sealed bottle would be great for field-expedient soft drinks at events. When I get time I'll do a bit on rosa solis which I researched for an A&S even last year.

== WanderingSpy ==
Ah, yes. It appears I was in error when I wrote that. So very tired then. I'll fix that as soon as possible. Perhaps I should just edit the Middle page (that being my native land). So you (all of you, apparently) are in Lochac? How's the weather down there? Do you guys make the schlep to Pennsic or do you have your own sort of thing there?

Well, I majorly updated the Middle again (if it's too long, let me know). As far as I know, most people simply call it "The Middle". In official capacities, I suppose "Kingdom of the Midrealm" or "Kingdom of the Middle". Whichever the current ruler thinks sounds better. Let me know if there's any particular history information you want. I have time on my hands.
[[User:WanderingSpy|WanderingSpy]] 20:36, 2 Sept 2004 (CST)

Kingdom of Middle

2004-09-03T01:30:12Z

WanderingSpy:

Kingdom of Middle

2004-09-02T14:13:16Z

WanderingSpy:

User talk:Cian

2004-09-02T13:23:19Z

WanderingSpy:

User talk:Cian

2004-09-02T13:22:43Z

WanderingSpy:

Hello Cian, congratulations on logging in and editing. You can keep track of your contributions at [[Special:Contributions/Cian]]

Remember to visit the [[Cunnan:Village pump|Village pump]] if you have any questions.

[[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 12:55, 9 Jun 2004 (EST)

== Double redirects ==

Yes double redirects stopping halfway is to be expected. Its done that way to stop redirects from going around in circles (since having the software check for duplicates in a, potentially, very long chain could make the server grind to a halt). You can find broken and double redirects using the [[Special:Maintenance]] tools. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 13:40, 17 Jun 2004 (EST)

== Ulrich ==

My source for the minnesingers is a book in the main library called "The Minnesang". It is located at 830.1 in the U collection. 830.1 and 830.2 are good places to look for stuff on the Minnesingers, but you have to wade through a few German language books. My troubadour references are a little more diverse. Cheers [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 11:36, 29 Jul 2004 (EST)

== Sekanjabin ==

Hiya! Sekanjabin is an unusual case because it would certainly classify as a cordial in period - a syrupy medicinal potion - but our modern usage is that of a beverage. I've made some good variations with spice and some fruit flavorings. I suspect any syrup in a well-sealed bottle would be great for field-expedient soft drinks at events. When I get time I'll do a bit on rosa solis which I researched for an A&S even last year.

== [[User:WanderingSpy|WanderingSpy]] ==
Ah, yes. It appears I was in error when I wrote that. So very tired then. I'll fix that as soon as possible. Perhaps I should just edit the Middle page (that being my native land). So you (all of you, apparently) are in Lochac? How's the weather down there? Do you guys make the schlep to Pennsic or do you have your own sort of thing there?