Cunnan - User contributions [en]

User talk:MosesOden

2013-06-04T16:48:57Z

Khaentlahn: spam entry

User talk:FerminFon

2013-06-03T23:10:44Z

Khaentlahn: spam entry

User talk:TammyTibb

2013-06-03T23:10:18Z

Khaentlahn: spam entry

Cooking

2013-06-02T11:59:23Z

Khaentlahn:

[[Period]]-style '''cooking''' is a big part of many [[SCA]] [[event]]s ([[feast]]s being one obvious example :)

Many period dishes are simple to prepare and only require ingredients that can be found in any supermarket. Remember that many [[food]]s we eat today didn't exist during period and their presence is noticable (to some people at any rate)

There are many ways to participate in recreating [[medieval]] cooking. You can join your local [[Lochac Cooks' Guild|cooks guild]], cook for a few SCA friends following a medieval recipe, or cook period food over an open fire at a [[camping event]]. When using period recipes, you might have to make a lot of interpretative assumptions about what the recipe meant; in the SCA, revising a recipe to include these assumptions in a modern format is sometimes called "[[redaction|redacting]]", though outside of this context that word has a different meaning.

= Books =

Several good books have been written with period and period-style (cf. [[Period vs. Period-Style]]) cooking. Among these are:

; [[Take a Thousand Eggs or More]] : An excellent source in two volumes. The first contains originals, redactions & recipes; the second contains originals with redactions, but no modern recipes.
; [[A Proper Newe Booke of Cokerye]] : Originals & redactions from a 16th century cookbook.
; [[Pleyn Delit]] : An excellent collection of original and interpreted period recipes. Highly recommended.

== Area Specific ==
==== England ====
:; [[Forme of Cury]] : circa 1390

==== Germany ====
:;Das Kochbuch des Meisters Eberhard : 15th century - [http://www.florilegium.org/?http%3A//www.florilegium.org/files/FOOD-MANUSCRIPTS/Eberhard-art.html Stefan's Florilegium]
:;Das Kochbuch des Sabina Welserin : circa 1553 - [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/sawe.htm German text], [http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Sabrina_Welserin.html English text]
:;Kochbuch des Maria Stenglerin : 1554 - [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/stenglerin-kochbuch-1554.pdf PDF]

== External Links ==
:There is also the website [http://www.godecookery.com/ Gode Cookery], which contains many period, period-style and [[periodoid]] recipes.
:There is also the website [http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes Celtnet Recipes], which has a large number of period recipes and their redactions.

''See Also:''
* [[food|Food]]
* [[Recipe]]
[[Category:food]]
[[Category:arts]]

User talk:BridgettI

2013-05-19T12:15:09Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

User talk:Finley75X

2013-05-19T12:14:39Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

User talk:EmmaSwish

2013-05-17T09:08:57Z

Khaentlahn: spam entry

User talk:RodgerAie

2013-05-15T02:03:42Z

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User talk:JoeyOTIH

2013-05-15T02:02:37Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

Germany

2013-05-13T23:03:26Z

Khaentlahn:

'''Germany''' didn't exist as a single country during this [[period]]. After the fall of the Roman Empire, barbarian tribes over centuries slowly formed a large number of baronies and fiefdoms that warred with each other constantly. It was not until the 19th Century that Germany became a unified state.

Like [[France]], Germany counts [[Charlemagne]] as its great progenitor. Most of Germany formed part of the [[Carolingian Empire]]. When this was split into three parts the Germanic lands mostly went to [[Lothar I]]. Lothar's Kingdom gradually became a patchwork of states who elected an Emperor. This union was known as the [[Holy Roman Empire]].

===Germany and the SCA===
After WWII, Germany contained many US/NATO military bases. With this eventually came the [[SCA]]. Much of the populace of the [[Kingdom of Drachenwald]] lives in Germany.

===Historic Locations within Germany===
The following is a list of various duchies, kingdoms and fiefdoms within the lands we modernly associate with Germany, which should be a helpful starting point for a Germanic persona:

* [[Alamannia]] (or Alemania)
* [[Alsace]]
* [[Baden]]
* [[Bavaria]]
* [[Brandenburg]]
* [[Francia]]
* [[Franconia]]
* [[Hesse]]
* [[Reichenau Island]]
* [[Saxony]]
* [[Swabia]]
* [[Thuringia]]
* [[Westphalia]]
* [[Württemberg]]

==External links==

*[http://www.drachenwald.sca.org/groups/germany.htm Listing of German SCA groups]
*[http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/germany.html History of Germany]
[[category:places]][[category:countries]]

Westphalia

2013-05-13T22:59:47Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "Westphalia is roughly the Germanic region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, located both north and south of the Ruhr River. Westphalia was originally a district ..."

Westphalia is roughly the [[Germany|Germanic]] region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, located both north and south of the Ruhr River. Westphalia was originally a district of the Duchy of [[Saxony]]. In 1180 Westphalia was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor Barbarossa.

[[Category:Places]]

Thuringia

2013-05-13T22:58:21Z

Khaentlahn:

The Thuringian Kingdom was established sometime before 450 AD. In 632 Thuringia was conquered by the [[Franks]] and became a Duchy. The Duchy of Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130. After the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), the western half of Thuringia became the Landgraviate of [[Hesse]].

In 1485, Thuringia went to the senior Ernestine branch of the family, which subsequently subdivided the area into a number of smaller states, according to the [[Saxon]] tradition of dividing inheritance amongst male heirs. These were the "Saxon duchies", consisting, among others, of the states of Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Eisenach, Saxe-Jena, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, and Saxe-Gotha. After this point, Thuringia became merely a geographical concept.

[[Category:Places]]

Thuringia

2013-05-13T22:58:07Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "The Thuringian Kingdom was established sometime before 450 AD. In 632 Thuringia was conquered by the Franks and became a Duchy. The Duchy of Thuringia became a landgraviat..."

Hesse

2013-05-13T22:56:25Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "In the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–64), Hesse gained its independence and became a Landgraviate within the Holy Roman Empire. In 1567, the territory was divid..."

In the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–64), Hesse gained its independence and became a Landgraviate within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. In 1567, the territory was divided up into four lines: Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), Hesse-Darmstadt, Hesse-Rheinfels, and the also previously existing Hesse-Marburg.

[[Category:Places]]

Brandenburg

2013-05-13T22:52:05Z

Khaentlahn:

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was established sometime around 1157 and became one of the seven electoral states of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] until it was subsumed into modern day [[Germany]].

[[Category:Places]]

Brandenburg

2013-05-13T22:49:05Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "Brandenburg was established circa 1157 and became a margraviate about 1320. Category:Places"

Brandenburg was established circa 1157 and became a margraviate about 1320.

[[Category:Places]]

Bavaria

2013-05-13T22:45:33Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "Bavaria is the largest federal state of south-western Germany. Bavaria was first mentioned supposedly by the Franks circa 520, while the first description (ie, east of..."

Bavaria is the largest federal state of south-western [[Germany]]. Bavaria was first mentioned supposedly by the [[Franks]] circa 520, while the first description (ie, east of the [[Swabia|Swabians]]) was given in Jordanes's Origins and Deeds of the Goths as of 551.

[[Category:Places]]

Alsace

2013-05-13T22:40:10Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "In 870, the region that was to become Alsace fell to the Holy Roman Empire as part of the Duchy of Swabia. Alsace was primarily German until France conquered the terri..."

In 870, the region that was to become Alsace fell to the [[Holy Roman Empire]] as part of the Duchy of [[Swabia]]. Alsace was primarily German until France conquered the territory in 1639.

[[Category:Places]]

Swabia

2013-05-13T22:38:42Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "Swabia is currently a region in Germany and was referred to as Alamannia prior to the 10th century (approximately 928 when the first duke was established). Swabia orig..."

Swabia is currently a region in [[Germany]] and was referred to as [[Alamannia]] prior to the 10th century (approximately 928 when the first duke was established). Swabia originally covered the territory which later split into the French province of Alsace, the German principalities of Baden and Württemberg, and most of northern Switzerland. It evolved along different lines from the more centralized province of [[Bavaria]] and the larger but more fragmented province of [[Saxony]].

[[Category:Places]]

Alamannia

2013-05-13T22:31:04Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "Alamannia / Alemania / Alamannus / Alemanii - There are many different names for the area and people that were basically the beginning of Germany. In the 7th century, the..."

Alamannia / Alemania / Alamannus / Alemanii - There are many different names for the area and people that were basically the beginning of [[Germany]].

In the 7th century, the original Alamannia was mostly comprised of 'historic [[Swabia]]', meaning it covered the majority of present-day Baden-Württemberg and eastern Switzerland.

According to ''The Historian's History of the World'',

Alamanni were subjugated by the Franks in 496 AD.
Alamannia was formally incorporated with Germany in 920 AD. This is the first reference to 'Germany' in this text's timeline.
The last reference to Alamannia is as a dukedom in 1097 AD.

From Frankish subjugation in 496 AD until the crowning of the first [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 962 AD, Alemania fell under Frankish rule. After this time, [[Germany]] was a kingdom within the [[Holy Roman Empire]] with Alamannia as a dukedom. By the end of the 11th century, Alamannia was commonly being referred to as [[Swabia]].

Also associated with Alamannia from the 8th century was the Island of [[Reichenau Island|Reichenau]], which lies in Lake Constance in modern southern [[Germany]]. The Abbey of Reichenau was founded in 724 by the Saint Pirmin.

===References===
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20120309073923/http://www.germantribes.org/tribes/Alamanni/alamanni.htm The Alamanni]
# [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann.html Lexicon Universale, Historiam Sacram Et Profanam Omnis aevi, omniumque Gentium], 1698, Johann Jacob Hofmann. [Site is in German, original text is in Latin.]
# [http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/700/index.html History and Geography of Europe], Year 700
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=x26DAAAAMAAJ The Historians' History of the World], Vol XVII, Henry Smith Willams. London and New York: Hooper & Jackson, 1907. Page 57, 58
# "Swabia." [http://books.google.com/books?id=gJlvzd4MzSUC The Encyclopedia Britannica]. Ed. Hugh Chisholm. 11th Ed. Vol 26. 1911. Page 176

Baden

2013-05-13T22:21:43Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "The Margraviate of Baden came into existence in 1112. Category:Places"

The Margraviate of Baden came into existence in 1112.

[[Category:Places]]

Württemberg

2013-05-13T22:19:21Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "The first mention of Württemberg, which has been found to date, was in 1080. The Württemberg lands became prominent in 1268 when Conradin, the Duke of Swabia, died and m..."

The first mention of Württemberg, which has been found to date, was in 1080. The Württemberg lands became prominent in 1268 when Conradin, the Duke of [[Swabia]], died and many of the Swabian lands passed to the count of Württemberg. Württemberg became a duchy in 1495 and remained as such until the end of period.

[[Category: Places]]

Ireland

2013-05-13T17:58:40Z

Khaentlahn: link to historical article on early Irish calligraphy

'''Ireland''' is an island west of [[England]]. Ireland is inhabited by predominantly [[Celt]]s, despite successful invasions from [[England]]. Various forms of [[Gaelic]] were spoken in Ireland throughout [[period]], although [[English]] is now the majority language.

From the earliest recorded times Ireland has been split into four provinces, [[Leinster]], [[Ulster]], [[Munster]] and [[Connacht]], although sometimes [[Meath]] was considered a fifth. These contained individual [[kingdom]]s but there also existed the concept of a [[High King]].

According to tradition, Ireland was converted to [[Christianity]] by [[St. Patrick]] after his arrival in 432 AD.

In the [[10th century]] [[Viking]]s established a settlement called ''An Dubh Lin'', which was to become [[Dublin]].

The [[Republic]] of Ireland has been in existence since 1949, with Dublin as the capital.
[[category:places]][[category:countries]]

===Arts & Sciences===
====Calligraphy====
:* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20608910 Early Irish Caligraphy] by W Reeves and Ferdinand Keller, Ulster Journal of Archaeology , First Series, Vol. 8, (1860), pp. 210-230, 291-308

Anglo-Saxon England

2013-05-13T17:55:37Z

Khaentlahn: /* Arts and Sciences */

The [[Anglo-Saxon]] period of [[England]] lasted roughly from the [[5th century]] until the defeat of [[Harold Godwinson]] in 1066.

==History==

At the beginning of the [[6th century]] England was populated by Brythonic [[Celt]]s and a migrant population of [[Angle]]s, [[Saxon]]s and [[Dane]]s. These groups gradually encroached, supported by further immigration from mainland [[Europe]], displacing the British population. With the remnants of Celtic power pushed to the west in [[Wales]], [[Cumbria]] and [[Cornwall]], numerous [[Anglo-Saxon]] [[kingdom]]s began to emerge. The seven most powerful, known as the [[Heptarchy]], were successively united by [[war]], until in 829 [[Egbert]] was named [[King]] of all England.

==Time==
The [[Anglo-Saxon]] period in [[England]] can divided into three periods:
* 410-650 - Early Anglo-Saxon Period
* 650-800 - Middle Anglo-Saxon Period
* 800-1066 - Late Anglo-Saxon England

==Language==

''Main article: [[Old English]]''

The Old English [[language]] spoken by the Anglo-Saxons was a West [[Germanic language]], related to Old Frisian and Old-Saxon.

==Names==

''Main article: [[Old English Names]]''

* [[Old English alternate titles]]
* [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/engoldenglish.shtml Medieval Names Archive: Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Names]

==Arts and Sciences==

===Music and poetry===

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon Poetry]]''

Very little is known about Anglo Saxon [[music]], as only a small amount was ever written down. Several [[musical instrument|instruments]] are known about, some through archaeological digs.

Anglo-Saxon [[poetry]] was mainly [[alliteration|alliterative]] but end rhyme was sometimes used as in, for example, the [http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/a3.15.html Riming Poem].

===Fibre arts===

* [[Anglo-Saxon embroidery]]

===Clothing===

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

Most of what is known about Anglo-Saxon [[clothing]] has been learned through [[manuscript]]s and archaeological finds. In appearance it seems very similar to contemporary continental clothing. [[Wool]] and common natural colours predominated, although for the upper classes more exotic [[dye]]s and [[fabric]]s were often used.

===Equipment for Combat===
''Main article: [[Saxon fighting kit]]''
[[category:saxon]]

===Animals===
:* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3014285 On the Domestication of Certain Animals in England between the Seventh and Eleventh Centuries] by John Thrupp, Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London , Vol. 4, (1866), pp. 164-172, published by Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

===References===
# [http://archive.org/details/historyanglosax02palggoog History of Anglo-Saxons (1831) by Francis Palgrave] - As this was written during the 19th century, be aware that the information provided may not be completely accurate.
# [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1009013 Married Women's Property in Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman Law and the Origin of the Common-Law Dower] by Florence Griswold Buckstaff, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 4, (Sep., 1893), pp. 33-64, Sage Publications, Inc.

User talk:LiamGolds

2013-05-13T17:50:07Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

User talk:JenniTell

2013-05-13T15:10:24Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-12T12:14:48Z

Khaentlahn:

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon England]]''

==Clothing by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====401-900====
* [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn
* [http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/ Jorvik Viking Centre (York, England)] - [http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/who-were-the-vikings/what-did-the-vikings-look-like/ What did the Vikings Look Like?]

====901-1066====
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]

==Clothing by Type==
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=717 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon Clothing]
====Cloak====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]
====Tunic====
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20080327225250/http://home.insight.rr.com/cains/documentation/ An Anglo-Saxon Cyrtel] - (Accessed from the Wayback Machine)
====Shoes====
* [http://pinterest.com/pin/155937205820068483/ Anglo-Saxon leather shoes from York]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=yzraAAAAMAAJ British Costume: A Complete History of the Dress of the Inhabitants of the British Islands] (1849) by James Robinson Planché
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume] (1834) by James Robinson Planché
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=7FAoAAAAYAAJ A History of English Dress from the Saxon period to the present day, Vol 1] (1893) by Georgiana Hill
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=ME8nAAAAMAAJ A Complete View of the Dress and Habits of the People of England] (1862) by Joseph Strutt & James Robinson Planché
::* Joseph Strutt's A Complete View of Dress and Habits of the People of England - [http://www.dragonbear.com/strutt.html Plates Only]

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]] [[Category:England]]

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-12T12:09:12Z

Khaentlahn:

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon England]]''

==Clothing by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====401-900====
* [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn
* [http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/ Jorvik Viking Centre (York, England)] - [http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/who-were-the-vikings/what-did-the-vikings-look-like/ What did the Vikings Look Like?]

====901-1066====
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]

====General====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=717 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon Clothing]
* [http://pinterest.com/pin/155937205820068483/ Anglo-Saxon leather shoes from York]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=yzraAAAAMAAJ British Costume: A Complete History of the Dress of the Inhabitants of the British Islands] (1849) by James Robinson Planché
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume] (1834) by James Robinson Planché
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=7FAoAAAAYAAJ A History of English Dress from the Saxon period to the present day, Vol 1] (1893) by Georgiana Hill
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=ME8nAAAAMAAJ A Complete View of the Dress and Habits of the People of England] (1862) by Joseph Strutt & James Robinson Planché
::* Joseph Strutt's A Complete View of Dress and Habits of the People of England - [http://www.dragonbear.com/strutt.html Plates Only]

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]] [[Category:England]]

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-12T12:05:33Z

Khaentlahn:

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon England]]''

==Clothing by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====401-900====
* [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn
* [http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/ Jorvik Viking Centre (York, England)] - [http://jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/who-were-the-vikings/what-did-the-vikings-look-like/ What did the Vikings Look Like?]

====901-1066====
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]

====General====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=717 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon Clothing]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=yzraAAAAMAAJ British Costume: A Complete History of the Dress of the Inhabitants of the British Islands] (1849) by James Robinson Planché
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume] (1834) by James Robinson Planché
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=7FAoAAAAYAAJ A History of English Dress from the Saxon period to the present day, Vol 1] (1893) by Georgiana Hill
# [http://books.google.com/books?id=ME8nAAAAMAAJ A Complete View of the Dress and Habits of the People of England] (1862) by Joseph Strutt & James Robinson Planché
::* Joseph Strutt's A Complete View of Dress and Habits of the People of England - [http://www.dragonbear.com/strutt.html Plates Only]

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]] [[Category:England]]

Saxon clothing

2013-05-12T11:59:57Z

Khaentlahn:

Many of the clothing styles from the early Anglo-Saxons would also have been worn by early Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time.

:See also: ''[[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

==Clothing by Time Period==

====Pre-1000====
:Both genders: Characterized by a basic [[T-tunic]] of durable [[linen]] or [[wool]] dyed in natural colors, usually worn in layers of two with relatively thin belts worn at the waist. Both wore shoes of leather and short semi-circular ''[[cloak|mantil]]''.<br />
:Male: Usually wore [[cross-garter|cross-gartered]] ''[[trews]]'' beneath knee-length T-tunics.<br />
:Women: Usually wore a [[veil]] and their tunics were ankle length (under layer) and knee length (outer layer).

:* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]

====1001-1200====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]

====1201-1300====
* [http://www.walpurgis.co.uk/ Walpurgis in the 13th Century]
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1301-1400====
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1401-1500====

====1501-1600====
: "Cranach" Gown
::abt 1530s: [http://www.reconstructinghistory.com/articles/16th-century-articles/a-saxon-ladys-outfit-as-seen-in-the-works-of-lucas-cranch.html A Saxon Lady’s Outfit As Seen in the Works of] [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach]] by Kass McGann [Images and Description, Patterns for Purchase]
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/cranach1/ Cranach Gown Part 1: Research] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/cranach-gown-part-2-skirt-construction-part-1/ Cranach Gown Part 2: Skirt Construction Part 1] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://sophie-stitches.weebly.com/german-saxon-cranach-gown.html 16th c: Early German-Saxon (Cranach) Gowns] from Sophie Stitches

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]]

User talk:JacelynJF

2013-05-12T11:07:56Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

User talk:Hildegard

2013-05-12T03:40:40Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

Cunnan:Village pump

2013-05-10T16:26:38Z

Khaentlahn: /* Spamming, Users and how to deal with it. */

In [[Medieval]] [[village]]s people would gather at the '''Village Pump''' to discuss those items that were important to their lives. On [[Cunnan]] the Village Pump serves a similar purpose: Giving users a place to meet and discuss current events, policy, and content.
----

==Projects==
Here is a list of some of recent projects in [[:Category:Project Current]].

<DynamicPageList>
category = Project Current
order = ascending
addfirstcategorydate = true
shownamespace = false
ordermethod = lastedit
count = 6
</DynamicPageList>

== Announcements ==
* Some of the old Village pump articles have been moved to save space:
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2003)|Moved during 2003]]
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2004)|Moved during 2004]]
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2005)|Moved during 2005]]
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2006)|Moved during 2006]]
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2007)|Moved during 2007]]
** [[Cunnan:Old Village pump discussions (moved 2012)|Moved during 2012]]

== Topics ==

=== Spam-like users ===

The spammers are still creating accounts (and in some cases pages). Other [[wiki|wikis]] use SCA-based knowledge as part of the Catchpa for account creation. Any thought on this as an option to reducing the spam accounts?

--[[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 18:23, 20 February 2013 (EST)
:Obviously we can't give the answers here, but what sort of questions? SCA ones like "The first SCA kingdom was the Kingdom of the ......?" or "The three peerages are the Orders of Chivalry, the Laurel and the ....."? Or historical ones like "the Church of England was founded by King ..... VIII" or "an invasion of England is depicted in the Bayeux ....?
:You need to think about who is going to want to contribute - experienced SCAdians, new SCAdians who may not know the answers, or people from other groups who may not know the SCA much? Who is the target audience for the wiki? Who are the stakeholders for this knowledge sharing?
:- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] ([[User talk:Cian|talk]]) 13:22, 22 February 2013 (EST)

=== Mediawiki updates ===
I've added additional Extension to the mediawiki setup here. See [[Special:Version]] for the current technical setup.
:- [[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]])

=== Reorganising Cunnan ===

Moved to [[Cunnan:Orgnisation]] Project

-[[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 18:36, 6 February 2013 (EST)

=== Spamming, Users and how to deal with it. ===

Currently all new users need to create an account with a ReCatchpa, with to confirm their email. Once this is done users can edit freely. However, there are still some accounts that may be spammers. So I'm thinking of making emailConfirmed Users have to do ReCatchpa and adding another level of user group for regular users that have created or edited 10 pages that don't have to ReCatchpa. The Admins or Bureaucrats could move them to that group once the quota was reached. Any thoughts or comments? --[[User:Yvesdelyle|yves]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 15:52, 1 February 2013 (EST)
:The number of fake members certainly seems to be down. However, many new editors don't do more than just their branches/households page. I can't see many of them working on 10 pages. Also, unless you have a good way of marking it, I don't think the Admins would be willing to reassign the members. This isn't a forum so there isn't constant supervision. Also, how would the new group be any different?
:- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] ([[User talk:Cian|talk]]) 19:04, 6 February 2013 (EST)

::Then set the number of edits to 2.
::- --[[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 08:26, 8 February 2013 (EST)

:Is there a way to add the ReCatchpa to the first few edits of any user account and have the system automatically remove the ReCatchpa after a variable number of edits thereby eliminating the need for administrators to create, maintain or reassign members to various groups?--[[User:Khaentlahn|Khaentlahn]] ([[User talk:Khaentlahn|talk]]) 02:26, 11 May 2013 (EST)

=== Style guide ===

It appears that Cunnan could use a style guide for how to set out particular pages. For Example the Kingdom Standardisation Project could be adapted to be an SCA group standard style guide. Any thoughts or comments? [[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 15:52, 1 February 2013 (EST)

:The unofficial style guide tended to be me in the past. Others would write the page, normally rare editors who would not have any notion of style. I would make sure all branches started off with something like "The '''X of C''' is an [[SCA]] [[group]] in the [[Kingdom of Y]], mundanely in CITY, COUNTRY". Then I broke the text up when I could, sometimes rewriting it and made sure the homepage link was under External Links, since it wasn't within Cunnan. The actual content depended on what the original author gave us. Things like History and Events were rare or too small to make their own section. Occasionally I had to remove regional point-of-view or change it to third-person perspective (ie. change "we" to "they").

:So yes, you can try and establish a formal style, but other than a sidebar that will be out-of-date very soon if includes seneschal names etc, you probably won't have much to play around. After all, some branches are stub articles with only have one or two sentences that just say their location.
:- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] ([[User talk:Cian|talk]]) 23:18, 1 February 2013 (EST)

:My main thought would be to list the elements that should be included in a page (ie the stuff that is unlikely to change quickly). So a side bar with name, device, location, link to homepage/website. and the main part of the article having an overview, history, events (if any), rulers (K&Qs, P&Ps, or B&B), and external links. Other info like current seneschal, current members, current events, etc. change too quickly and would be best placed on the groups homesite.
:- [[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 10:07, 2 February 2013 (EST)

=== On the use of Categories===

Where should categories be used?

For example; does the category [[:Category:From the Peerless Kitchen|From the Peerless Kitchen]] need to exist, but can it be a page ([[Peerless Kitchen]]) pointing to a bunch of recipes. I ask this because there are currently 5 Unused categories, 182 Uncategorized pages, and 153 Uncategorized categories... Whatever that means. There are categories for people to note the recipes they have redacted, which works against the idea of a wiki. It also appear that most of the articles in [[:Category:Songs]] are in fact [[:Category:Filk]]. [[User:yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] 21:16, 30 Jan 2013 (EST)
:Categories work in two directions. If there is a new recipe, the categories help a reader find related recipes. The reader can then move from the category to these other recipes. All that is required is [[:category:From the Peerless Kitchen]] on the recipe pafge. [[Peerless Kitchen]] can be a page instead, but that would need to be updated, and each recipe page would have to link back to it.
:The recipes are a an awkward point. They are an ongoing project outside the wiki, but their inclusion in the wiki is another project. By indicating which have or haven't been redacted, I imagine it makes the people concerned make sure the two projects can be kept in synch.
:The inclusion of recipes is also very much in tune with the aim of Cunnan - to help medieval reenactment and recreation. Being able to read the original recipe is great, but some may need the help of a redaction. Therefore, having a list of recipes that have been redacted is helpful.
:Some categories are made but no pages have yet been placed in the category. Some categories were started but no description was made of the category. Some categories were started, described but have few entries. Each of these must be evaluated on its own merits, like any page in a wiki. People had ideas and projects that these categories may be part of but may never have been finalised.
:- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] ([[User talk:Cian|talk]]) 19:15, 6 February 2013 (EST)

===Upgraded and extended===

The software has been upgraded to the latest version (1.20.2), and various extension have been added to hopefully reduce the level of spam. [[User:yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] 21:13, 25 Jan 2013 (EST)

===Up and Running again===

It appears that Cunnan has been down for awhile, but is now up and running again. If you discover any errors, faults or such with the software. Please message myself. If it is an error in the text of the wiki, then by all means edit and correct the oversight. [[User:yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] 21:46, 16 Jan 2013 (EST)

===See Also / External Links===

In terms of standard style I have been putting "See Also" as a heading and "External Links" as a subheading of that, unless there is no "See Also" heading, in which case it is simply a heading on its own. This makes sense to me in terms of how it relates to a Table of Contents. Does this seem reasonable to adopt as a standard style? [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 12:53, 31 July 2011 (EST)

===Laurel Sovereign of Arms===
I was looking at the page that redirects for [[Laurel]] and noticed that the [[Laurel Sovereign of Arms]] is in a page bound with the [[College of Arms]]. Might it be more beneficial to do a dedicated page for Laurel instead of being tied in with the College? [[User:Donngal|Donngal]] 16:37, 22 July 2010 (EST)
* Sure, since the [[Principal Herald]] page is now more substantive. I would make sure that [[Laurel]] redirects to [[Order of the Laurel]] with a disambiguation at the top for [[Laurel Sovereign of Arms]]. The page for LSofA should mention the [[SCA]] [[College of Arms]]. One of the pages should mention any historical links to similar ranks/titles in the RL Colleges, e.g. [[Garter King of Arms]], [[Lyons King of Arms]]
: - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 10:35, 23 July 2010 (EST)

=== The Illegible Vandals ===
First it was the Ampersand Bandits. Now we have new class of vandals with a different MO - the Illegible Vandals! We have been getting unknown people adding just one word consisting of 8-10 characters to a range of pages. I believe the choice of characters is random because I don't recognise anything that I would find in any of my dictionaries. So the vandalism is pretty pointless. As far as I can work out, the same "user" has never struck more than once. Wierd. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 13:39, 27 September 2007 (EST)
:Alas, we're now seeing several articles vandalized by a single IP. It's the sheer volume of IPs involved that concerns me -- we've been hit pretty hard over the last week. Kudos on everyone helping to stem the tide! [[User:Paul Matisz|Paul Matisz]] 19:05EDT 02 Oct 07

:Yeah, I have since noticed repeat offenders. The thing that gets me is the fact that there seems to be no reason for these attacks. If they were all concentrated at particular times, then I could believe that it is was just an attempt at "denial of service" but there aren't enough of them at any one time for that. Other than restricting editing to logged in members, I can't see how any system can automatically prevent the Illegible Vandals. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 09:19, 3 October 2007 (EST)

:On 04 Oct between 10:39 and 17:08 some twenty articles were vandalized by these jerks. In some cases, the same article was vandalized numerous times. Given the randomness I suspect this may be some kind of bot or virus... is there any way to defend against them? [[User:Paul Matisz|Paul Matisz]] 17:15EDT 04 Oct 07

: Attacks today from three different IP addresses from 87.101.244.* . I think we might be able to put a filter on that for a few months. Tobin? Unfortunately, there seems no clear pattern to any of the other addresses. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 13:09, 9 October 2007 (EST)

=== Personal details ===
Pages have been created for SCA Contacts for various areas of Europe. While I prefer the information to be on the country's or kingdom's page, I have concerns about the address and phone details being put anywhere on Cunnan. They are far less likely to be updated regularly and I would much prefer this sort of personal data to be on the group's homepage outside of Cunnan. What do you guys think?
- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 13:12, 6 June 2008 (EST)

:Good observation. I would think (knowing most of the people involved) that they posted it there themselves. If so, I have no problem with it. If not, that info should be deleted. Not sure how we can find out the truth though. [[User:CsikosLo|CsikosLo]] 01:01, 10 July 2008 (EST)

=== Applicability Question ===

See these Caidan Tourney results: http://wiki.caid-commons.org/index.php/Results

Has Cunnan evolved so far away from its St Monica/Lochac roots that setting up a section under Kingdom of Lochac to support something like the above (but for Lochac) would be a no-go these days? I refer to Village pump discussions mid-2007 on culling some SCA-specific stuff that was seen mainly as ego-boo.

Or would it be fair enough? A wiki is a very good way to maintain this sort of thing; the question is whether we need to set up a whole new one, or use the resource that already exists, but which may no longer be appropriate. (Or, indeed, whether Cunnan would be open to any Kingdoms which wished to use it so).

- [[User:Bartholomew|Bartholomew]] 15:02, 9 June 2008 (EST)

: A similar idea has come to me, but instead why not merge the wikis and mirror them across the web.
:* This would reduce the duplication of pages covering the same basic content. Also why would people from any of the following ([http://www.midrealm.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page Midrealm wiki], [http://wiki.caid-commons.org/index.php/Main_Page Compendium Caidis] (aka the Caid wiki), [http://wiki.antir.sca.org/index.php?title=Main_Page An Tir Culturewiki]) support the efforts that Cunnan is making or vice versa.
:* The main Medieval & SCA content would fill the main section.
:* Each Kingdom could have a Portal:<Kingdom> to it's own unique flavour
:- [[User:Yvesdelyle|Yves de Lyle]] ([[User talk:Yvesdelyle|talk]]) 10:27, 2 February 2013 (EST)

=== Templates ===
Greetings all. I have been working with learning the language of templates in MediaWiki and have copied one over from Wikipedia, [[Template:Information]] for image files. However, there seems to be a bit of markup that isn't working correctly, as can be seen in <noinclude>[[:Image:Thomas_Hawley_Clarenceux_King_of_Arms.jpg]]</noinclude>. If someone can fix this and explain in detail how they went about fixing it, I'd like to be able to fix broken templates myself. Thanks! --[[User:Averykrouse|Tobias Morgan]] 13:45, 24 September 2008 (EST)
* I'm sorry but I don't know what error you are talking about. How about you use the [[Cunnan:sandbox]] to set up some examples and describe what you were expecting to happen and what has happened. I suspect it might be that Cunnan's MediaWiki version hasn't been updated for 3 or more months. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 09:14, 25 September 2008 (EST)
** The problem using the sandbox is that the template is primarily used in the Image namespace. If you clickthrough to the Image page listed above then go down to the information section, you can see that it looks odd and cluttered, with bad markup. Whereas if you go to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thomas_Hawley_Clarenceux_King_of_Arms.jpg original image on Wikipedia] and look at the information section, it's much cleaner. --[[User:Averykrouse|Tobias Morgan]] 12:10, 25 September 2008 (EST)

=== Personas and households ===
This year has been a quiet one for [[Cunnan]] but an old issue has had to enforced by me as a moderator a few times - that Cunnan is not an archive of pages describing [[SCA]] [[persona]]s (see [http://cunnan.sca.org.au/wiki/Cunnan:Old_Village_pump_discussions_%28moved_2007%29#What_do_to_with_Category:people_.28SCA.29.3F Village Pump 2007]), but we do allow pages on SCA [[group]]s like [[household]]s. Unfortunately, sometimes the household pages contain a lot of details on their members and things that are more specific to the individual than the household.

Sorry to those whose pages I mention here but I need examples. Firstly, [[House Fettered Fleur]]. I have editted this page a few times to makes its format match those of other pages. It had a paragraph on one of the leading members which mainly discussed and promoted her SCA-related business interests. Since I could not see how this related to the household, I treated it as advertising and deleted the text. A page had also been created for another of the household's leaders Menken but I changed that to [[User:Menken|<nowiki>[[User:Menken]]</nowiki>]] since he was the one had just edited it.

More recently, a page was created for the [[Natt Sang]] household. This includes a descriptive paragraph for each member that mentions their general character, how they like to participate in the SCA and their musical skills, but no more. I have reformatted that but not deleted any content.

My question to the community (and especially the mods) is whether Natt Sang is saying too much. Small households sometimes say a little about the roles and habits of their members, but generally as appendages to a list, e.g. [[House Reverie]], like a standard SCA [[regnum]]. Sometimes little is said about memebers at all e.g. [[House Awesome]]. Bigger households have simply too many members to list them all.

So should Natt Sang's member details be abbreviated to something like the following?
: '''Lady Rhyslyn of Soundstream:'''
:* ''Instruments:'' celtic flute, Irish whistle, celtic harp, guitar, bass, singing.
:* ''Roles:'' Husmor, Emmisarian, seamstress.

If not, then should it be editted in any other way?

- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 18:25, 1 November 2009 (EST)

* Recent editting has brought to light two more persona pages that do not seem to qualify for inclusion: [[Randal Sinclair Hawkins]] and [[Kari Kyst]]. While they seem to have been great people and have been duly recognised in awards for their contribution to the SCA, nothing in their description indicates that they have played a extremely significant role in the development or history of the SCA or their kingdom. All edits so far have been done by [[User:Rohesia|Rohesia]] and [[User:Donngal|Donngal]] and I don't know whether these editors are also Randal and Kari. If so, then these descriptions should be moved to their User pages.

:If there are no objections in the coming weeks, I will delete those two pages.

: I have since also noted [[Logan Ebonwoulfe]]. He certainly seems moreso a person of great note if he is included in an outside publication, but I know nothing about this Warlords card game. What do others think about keeping a page active on him?

:- [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 10:37, 20 November 2009 (EST)

* A new one to consider - [[Michael of Bedford]]. 10 times a [[king]], first King of [[Atlantia]], [[Laurel]], [[Pelican]], [[Knight]]. But is that enough to qualify him for inclusion? Did he introduce something that is widely used in the SCA? Is he known to all in the Society? Is he known outside of the society? - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 10:18, 23 November 2009 (EST)

**I've been thinking on this subject a bit and trying to figure out a good rule of thumb. As a first pass: if the page consists of a simple list of awards, or even a few simple lists, that's probably not enough. An explanation ''should'' be needed. For example, the page for [[Cariadoc of the Bow]] doesn't list his awards, rather it gives his accomplishments with appropriate explanation and links. (Full disclosure - I created the page so I like the format, but I don't actually know His Grace.) With respect to Michael of Bedford's ''page'', it's just a list of awards, which I'd suggest is inadequate. There may be other information which could be added to the page to make it clear that the page should remain, but ''as written'' I don't think the page works. [[User:AlexandreDavigne|AlexandreDavigne]] 00:14, 24 November 2009 (EST)
*** That sounds fair enough. Then it would just be down to us to decide whether the accomplishments are sufficient. Anyone else have a view? - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] 10:13, 30 November 2009 (EST)
****Sorry about that, I did not realize till reading here today that general persons were not eligeable for inclusion in Cunnan, feel free to delete the page I created on Duke Valharic, just trying to add content [[User:Donngal|Donngal mac Ronain]]

=== Wine ===
I want to make my own home made [[wine]] ,, were do I start ??? this will be my first time and I want to know how to start from being to end with [[fruit]]s
- gilpaulrod@yahoo.com, 12 Nov 2005

* Try C.J. Berry's books available from any good wine making shop or online. - [[User:Bcholley@btinternet.com|Bcholley]], 14 June 2010
=== Herbs ===
Would it be possible to merge the [[herb]] pages (e.g. [[borage]]) with their page of historical quotes (e.g. [[borage (Maplet)]])? I think having all those extra pages is superfluous especially seeing as most of the quote pages are only a few lines long. Could they be added to the end of the original herb page with a new heading instead?

* The idea with these entries is that they can be accessed either via the herb, or through the book title, so that one can browse the entries as one would a book. If you look at [[A Greene Forest]] and [[Askham's Herbal]] you will realise that merging these pages involves an awful lot of work for dubious benefit.

===Delete Requests===
Hey there, I forgot that I can't delete pages since I'm not a moderator. I moved the content from [[Gunnar Redboar]] to the user page, but the old page persists. Also, as per discussion on the [[Ginger Wine]] page, there are a few wine recipes that should probably be deleted as well. [[User:AlexandreDavigne|AlexandreDavigne]] ([[User talk:AlexandreDavigne|talk]]) 01:37, 2 March 2013 (EST)
: Well, if you can't delete then perhaps we should change your status to administrator (what we call mods). While I imagine I can still do it as bureaucrat (ubermod), as the nominator I don't want to jump in.
: Alexandre has been editting since 2006 and made a valuable contribution to Cunnan. Any complaints?
: - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] ([[User talk:Cian|talk]])
: Since no-one objected, I have promoted Alexandre. Welcome to the powers of a moderator. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]] ([[User talk:Cian|talk]]) 09:16, 13 March 2013 (EST)

Anglo-Saxon England

2013-05-10T04:14:34Z

Khaentlahn:

The [[Anglo-Saxon]] period of [[England]] lasted roughly from the [[5th century]] until the defeat of [[Harold Godwinson]] in 1066.

==History==

At the beginning of the [[6th century]] England was populated by Brythonic [[Celt]]s and a migrant population of [[Angle]]s, [[Saxon]]s and [[Dane]]s. These groups gradually encroached, supported by further immigration from mainland [[Europe]], displacing the British population. With the remnants of Celtic power pushed to the west in [[Wales]], [[Cumbria]] and [[Cornwall]], numerous [[Anglo-Saxon]] [[kingdom]]s began to emerge. The seven most powerful, known as the [[Heptarchy]], were successively united by [[war]], until in 829 [[Egbert]] was named [[King]] of all England.

==Time==
The [[Anglo-Saxon]] period in [[England]] can divided into three periods:
* 410-650 - Early Anglo-Saxon Period
* 650-800 - Middle Anglo-Saxon Period
* 800-1066 - Late Anglo-Saxon England

==Language==

''Main article: [[Old English]]''

The Old English [[language]] spoken by the Anglo-Saxons was a West [[Germanic language]], related to Old Frisian and Old-Saxon.

==Names==

''Main article: [[Old English Names]]''

* [[Old English alternate titles]]
* [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/engoldenglish.shtml Medieval Names Archive: Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Names]

==Arts and Sciences==

===Music and poetry===

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon Poetry]]''

Very little is known about Anglo Saxon [[music]], as only a small amount was ever written down. Several [[musical instrument|instruments]] are known about, some through archaeological digs.

Anglo-Saxon [[poetry]] was mainly [[alliteration|alliterative]] but end rhyme was sometimes used as in, for example, the [http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/a3.15.html Riming Poem].

===Fibre arts===

* [[Anglo-Saxon embroidery]]

===Clothing===

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

Most of what is known about Anglo-Saxon [[clothing]] has been learned through [[manuscript]]s and archaeological finds. In appearance it seems very similar to contemporary continental clothing. [[Wool]] and common natural colours predominated, although for the upper classes more exotic [[dye]]s and [[fabric]]s were often used.

===Equipment for Combat===
''Main article: [[Saxon fighting kit]]''
[[category:saxon]]

===References===
# [http://archive.org/details/historyanglosax02palggoog History of Anglo-Saxons (1831) by Francis Palgrave] - As this was written during the 19th century, be aware that the information provided may not be completely accurate.
# [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1009013 Married Women's Property in Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman Law and the Origin of the Common-Law Dower] by Florence Griswold Buckstaff, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 4, (Sep., 1893), pp. 33-64, Sage Publications, Inc.

Anglo-Saxon Poetry

2013-05-10T04:02:39Z

Khaentlahn:

The entire body of '''Anglo-Saxon poetry''' consists of little more than 30 000 lines. It is by nature alliterative rather than rhyming. It catches the [[Anglo-Saxon]] people either side of their conversion to [[Christianity]], and so includes both devout Christian works and a darker [[Pagan]] worldview.

==[[poetic meter|Meter]]==

Every line of Anglo-Saxon poetry was split into two half-lines. Most of these contained at least four syllables, two of which were stressed. There was always [[alliteration]] between the one of the stressed syllables of the first half-line and the first stressed syllable of the second half line. The second stressed syllable of the second half line sometimes alliterated with the other stressed syllable of the first half-line.

Some lines contained four stressed syllables per half line. These are called ''hypermetric'' lines, and were used either for dramatic effect, or simply to add variety.

==Other Poetic Elements==
As with other Germanic poetry, Anglo-Saxon poetry makes use of [[kenning]]s, although they are quite often of a formulaic nature.

Later Anglo-Saxon poems occasionally used rhyme.

==Performance==

Anglo-Saxon poetry appears to have been performed accompanied by a [[harp]]. A passage from [[Beowulf]] seems to indicate that it was perfectly valid to make up sections of an established poem on the spot.

==Manuscript Sources==
Most Anglo-Saxon poetry appears in one of four manuscripts:
* [[Beowulf manuscript]]
* [[MS Junius XI]]
* [[The Exeter Book]]
* [[The Vercelli Book]]

===Specific examples===
* [[Battle of Brunnanburh]]
* [[Battle of Maldon]]
* [[Beowulf]]
* [[Dream of the Rood]]

==External Links==
* [ftp://ftp.std.com/WWW/obi/Anglo-Saxon/aspr/contents.html The Complete Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Poetry]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=766 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon/Old English Poetry]

==References==
* [http://www.jstor.org/stable/432588 The Transformation of Scriptural Story, Motive, and Conception in Anglo-Saxon Poetry] by Arthur R. Skemp, Modern Philology, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jan., 1907), pp. 423-470, The University of Chicago Press

[[Category:Poetry]] [[Category:Old English]]

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-10T03:59:52Z

Khaentlahn:

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon England]]''

==Clothing by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====601-700====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====701-800====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====801-900====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====901-1000====
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====1001-1066====
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====General or Indeterminate====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=717 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon Clothing]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=yzraAAAAMAAJ British Costume: A Complete History of the Dress of the Inhabitants of the British Islands (1849) by James Robinson Planché]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume (1834) by James Robinson Planché]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=7FAoAAAAYAAJ A History of English Dress from the Saxon period to the present day, Vol 1 (1893) by Georgiana Hill]

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]]

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-10T03:48:16Z

Khaentlahn: another older reference book

==Clothing Styles by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====601-700====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====701-800====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====801-900====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====901-1000====
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====1001-1066====
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====General or Indeterminate====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=717 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon Clothing]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=yzraAAAAMAAJ British Costume: A Complete History of the Dress of the Inhabitants of the British Islands (1849) by James Robinson Planché]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume (1834) by James Robinson Planché]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=7FAoAAAAYAAJ A History of English Dress from the Saxon period to the present day, Vol 1 (1893) by Georgiana Hill]

[[Category:Clothing]]

Saxon clothing

2013-05-09T14:51:10Z

Khaentlahn: /* Clothing Styles by Time Period */

Many of the clothing styles from the early Anglo-Saxons would also have been worn by early Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time.

:See also: ''[[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

==Clothing by Time Period==

====Pre-1000====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]

====1001-1200====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]

====1201-1300====
* [http://www.walpurgis.co.uk/ Walpurgis in the 13th Century]
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1301-1400====
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1401-1500====

====1501-1600====
* "Cranach" Gown
::abt 1530s: [http://www.reconstructinghistory.com/articles/16th-century-articles/a-saxon-ladys-outfit-as-seen-in-the-works-of-lucas-cranch.html A Saxon Lady’s Outfit As Seen in the Works of] [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach]] by Kass McGann [Images and Description, Patterns for Purchase]
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/cranach1/ Cranach Gown Part 1: Research] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/cranach-gown-part-2-skirt-construction-part-1/ Cranach Gown Part 2: Skirt Construction Part 1] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://sophie-stitches.weebly.com/german-saxon-cranach-gown.html 16th c: Early German-Saxon (Cranach) Gowns] from Sophie Stitches

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]]

Saxon clothing

2013-05-09T00:55:12Z

Khaentlahn: /* Clothing Styles by Time Period */

Many of the clothing styles from the early Anglo-Saxons would also have been worn by early Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time.

:See also: ''[[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

==Clothing Styles by Time Period==

====Pre-1000====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]

====1001-1200====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]

====1201-1300====
* [http://www.walpurgis.co.uk/ Walpurgis in the 13th Century]
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1301-1400====
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1401-1500====

====1501-1600====
* "Cranach" Gown
::abt 1530s: [http://www.reconstructinghistory.com/articles/16th-century-articles/a-saxon-ladys-outfit-as-seen-in-the-works-of-lucas-cranch.html A Saxon Lady’s Outfit As Seen in the Works of] [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach]] by Kass McGann [Images and Description, Patterns for Purchase]
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/cranach1/ Cranach Gown Part 1: Research] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/cranach-gown-part-2-skirt-construction-part-1/ Cranach Gown Part 2: Skirt Construction Part 1] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://sophie-stitches.weebly.com/german-saxon-cranach-gown.html 16th c: Early German-Saxon (Cranach) Gowns] from Sophie Stitches

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]]

User talk:JudyGRL

2013-05-08T23:58:10Z

Khaentlahn: Spam entry

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-08T18:12:26Z

Khaentlahn: /* References */

Anglo-Saxon England

2013-05-08T18:07:40Z

Khaentlahn: /* Clothing */ - moved link to clothing page

The [[Anglo-Saxon]] period of [[England]] lasted roughly from the [[5th century]] until the defeat of [[Harold Godwinson]] in 1066.

==History==

At the beginning of the [[6th century]] England was populated by Brythonic [[Celt]]s and a migrant population of [[Angle]]s, [[Saxon]]s and [[Dane]]s. These groups gradually encroached, supported by further immigration from mainland [[Europe]], displacing the British population. With the remnants of Celtic power pushed to the west in [[Wales]], [[Cumbria]] and [[Cornwall]], numerous [[Anglo-Saxon]] [[kingdom]]s began to emerge. The seven most powerful, known as the [[Heptarchy]], were successively united by [[war]], until in 829 [[Egbert]] was named [[King]] of all England.

==Time==
The [[Anglo-Saxon]] period in [[England]] can divided into three periods:
* 410-650 - Early Anglo-Saxon Period
* 650-800 - Middle Anglo-Saxon Period
* 800-1066 - Late Anglo-Saxon England

==Language==

''Main article: [[Old English]]''

The Old English [[language]] spoken by the Anglo-Saxons was a West [[Germanic language]], related to Old Frisian and Old-Saxon.

==Names==

''Main article: [[Old English Names]]''

* [[Old English alternate titles]]
* [http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/engoldenglish.shtml Medieval Names Archive: Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Names]

==Arts and Sciences==

===Music and poetry===

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon Poetry]]''

Very little is known about Anglo Saxon [[music]], as only a small amount was ever written down. Several [[musical instrument|instruments]] are known about, some through archaeological digs.

Anglo-Saxon [[poetry]] was mainly [[alliteration|alliterative]] but end rhyme was sometimes used as in, for example, the [http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/library/oe/texts/a3.15.html Riming Poem].

===Fibre arts===

* [[Anglo-Saxon embroidery]]

===Clothing===

''Main article: [[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

Most of what is known about Anglo-Saxon [[clothing]] has been learned through [[manuscript]]s and archaeological finds. In appearance it seems very similar to contemporary continental clothing. [[Wool]] and common natural colours predominated, although for the upper classes more exotic [[dye]]s and [[fabric]]s were often used.

===Equipment for Combat===
''Main article: [[Saxon fighting kit]]''
[[category:saxon]]

===References===
* [http://archive.org/details/historyanglosax02palggoog History of Anglo-Saxons (1831) by Francis Palgrave] - As this was written during the 19th century, be aware that the information provided may not be completely accurate.

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-08T18:07:17Z

Khaentlahn:

==Clothing Styles by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====601-700====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====701-800====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====801-900====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====901-1000====
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====1001-1066====
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====General or Indeterminate====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=717 Atlantian A&S Links: Anglo-Saxon Clothing]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume (1834) by James Robinson Planché]
[[Category:Clothing]]

Kingdom of An Tir

2013-05-08T17:59:57Z

Khaentlahn:

{{SCA Kingdom box|name = Kingdom of An Tir|color = black|metal = gold|device = [[Image:An-Tir.png|195px]] | caption = [[Checky]] [[Or]] and [[argent]], a [[lion]] [[rampant]] tail [[forked]] and [[nowed]] [[sable]], [[crowned]] [[gules]], grasping in [[dexter]] forepaw a [[laurel wreath]] [[bendwise]] [[vert]]. | founded = A.S. XVI | king = UlfR Blodfotur Fallgrson | queen = Caoimhe (Keeva) ingen Domnaille | area = Oregon, Washington, the northern tip of Idaho, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Yukon, and the Northwest territories | parent = [[Kingdom of the West]]}}

The '''Kingdom of An Tir''' is the [[SCA]] [[kingdom]] that covers Oregon, Washington, and the northern tip of Idaho in the [[USA]],and British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Yukon, and the Northwest territories in [[Canada]].

==History==

An Tir began as a [[Principality]] of the [[West]] in August of [[A.S. VIII]] when Frederic of the West [[Tower]] and Anne of the White Tower were invested as the first [[Prince]] and [[Princess]] of An Tir.

In January of [[A.S. XVI]], Manfred Kriegstreiber and Morag Campbell of Glenbourne became the first to ascend to the [[Sable]] [[Lion]] [[Throne]]s as An Tir became the ninth [[sovereign]] [[Kingdom]] in the [[Known World]].

In the 21 years since that time, An Tir has grown to include 3 full [[principality|Principalities]]: [[The Summits]], in March of [[A.S. XXX]], [[Avacal]], in August of [[A.S. XXXI]], and most recently, [[Tir Righ]], in June of [[A.S. XXXVIII]].

Among the most celebrated An Tirians are 7 "triple [[peer]]s": [[Duke]] James Greyhelm, [[Sir]] Edward Ross, [[Viscount]] [[Edward Zifran of Gendy]], Sir Ludwig von Lemminghaus, Viscount Scellanus of Skye, Viscount Theodulf of Borogrove, and Sir Y Blackhand.

However, An Tir's most honored citizen is easily the [[Dowager Princess]] [[Viscountess]] Janeltis Karaine, Starfollower, (cf. [http://www.antir.sca.org/Pubs/ATH/2janeltis.html Tribute page]) , who was awarded the [[title]] of Dowager Princess and the [[rank]] of permanent [[royalty]] by the [[BoD]] on October 10th, [[A.S. XIII]]. In the past, her passing was remembered during [[court]]s throughout An Tir.

==Groups==

The Kingdom of An Tir is divided into five areas, the [[Rivers Region]], the [[Inlands Region]], and the Pricipalities of [[The Summits]], [[Avacal]] and [[Tir Righ]].

==Kingdom devices==
{| border="1" spacing="0"
! Person or group
! Image
|-
| King
| <small>Same as kingdom</small>
|-
|Queen
|
|-
| Populace badge
| [[Image:An Tir badge.png|96px]]
|}

=== External Links ===
* [http://www.antir.sca.org/ Kingdom Website]
* [http://wiki.antir.sca.org/index.php?title=Main_Page Kingdom Wiki]

{{SCA Kingdom}}
[[Category:Kingdoms (SCA)|An Tir]]

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-08T16:40:23Z

Khaentlahn: reference link

==Clothing Styles by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====601-700====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====701-800====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====801-900====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====901-1000====
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====1001-1066====
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====Indeterminate====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

==References==
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=VQEFAAAAYAAJ History of British costume (1834) by James Robinson Planché]
[[Category:Clothing]]

Index of clothing styles

2013-05-08T16:34:36Z

Khaentlahn: /* Medieval Clothing Styles by Time Period: */

==A list of commonly referred to and controversial clothing styles in the [[SCA]]==
Some of these are misnomers, unrepresentative of the breadth of clothing of the medieval period, or are often poorly reproduced. However, they are the style names current in [[Lochac]], and a beginner costumer will often encounter them.
A good glossary of such terms (in their many uses) can be found at the following external link:
[http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/cloth/glossary.html Marc Carlson's "Some Clothing of the Middle ages; Glossary"]

*Generic early period [[t-tunic]]
*"10 gore dress" - a [[14th century]] style worn by [[Viking]]s in [[Greenland]]. It adds side [[gore]]s and more advanced sleeve caps (early set in sleeves) on a basic T-tunic to give more shaping to a gown.
*[[Viking_Garb|viking clothing]] - most often used to refer to early period Scandinavians, i.e. men in t-tunics and [[wickelbander|leg wraps]], and women in the controversial to reconstruct [[apron_dress|"apron dresses"]]
*[[Burgundian clothing]]
*Norman [[bliaut]]
*Italian Renaissance - actually refers to a variety of substyles, all of which have in common
**For women- a dress with a seam at the waist, pleated on skirts below and a corseted [[bodice]] above.
**For men- [[doublet]]s worn above [[tights]] is mostly the fashion (although longer robes also exist). See [[Florentine_clothing|Florentine]], [[Venetian_clothing|Venetian]], [[Flemish clothing]].
*[[Elizabethan clothing]]
*[[Great-Kilt|The great-kilt]] - read carefully, there are many misconceptions about this article of clothing, which is a belted cloak worn in late medieval Scotland, not the modern pleated skirt.
*[[Cotehardie]]
*[[Houpelande]]

==Medieval Clothing Styles by Time Period:==
====Pre-600====
*[[Roman clothing]]
*[[Peplos]]

====601-700====
*[[Anglo-Saxon clothing|Anglo-Saxon]] - includes much of England
**[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=330 Byzantine]
*[[Frankish_clothing|Franks]] - includes much of Western Europe at this point in history, excluding the Scandinavian peninsula, Breton, England, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Provence and Gascony portions of France, the Saxony portion of Germany, Frisia, Bavaria and Austria
*[[Saxon clothing|Saxon]]
*[[Viking_Garb|Viking]] - includes Iceland and the majority of the Scandinavian peninsula, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland

====701-800====
*[[Anglo-Saxon clothing|Anglo-Saxon]] - includes much of England
**[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=330 Byzantine]
**[[Eura Garb|Finnish]]
*[[Frankish_clothing|Franks]] - includes much of Western Europe at this point in history, excluding the Scandinavian peninsula, Breton, England, Spain, Portugal and the southern half of Italy
*[[Viking_Garb|Viking]] - includes Iceland and the majority of the Scandinavian peninsula, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland

====801-1000====
*[[Anglo-Saxon clothing|Anglo-Saxon]] - includes much of England
*[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=330 Byzantine]
*[[Saxon clothing|Saxon]]
*[[Viking_Garb|Viking]] - includes Iceland and the majority of the Scandinavian peninsula, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland

====1001-1100====
*[[Anglo-Saxon clothing|Anglo-Saxon]] - includes much of England until 1066
*[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=330 Byzantine]
*[[Norman clothing|Norman]] - includes much of England after 1066
*[[Viking_Garb|Viking]] - includes Iceland and the majority of the Scandinavian peninsula, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland

====1101-1200====
*[[Bliaut]] -a fancy [[T-tunic]], courtdress for both sexes in England, France, variations from Germanic region through the Alps to Italy, and many features used further afield eg Spain
*Basic [[T-tunic]] - the workwear in nearly all of Europe and some places also courtwear
*[http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=330 Byzantine]

====1201-1300====
*Spain-side laced dresses

====1301-1400====
*[[Clothing shoulderless surcoat|Armless/shoulderless surcoat]] c1310 Germany
*[[Cotehardie]]
*[[Houpelande]] England, France, Italy, Northern Europe c1360-1450

====1401-1500====
*[[Burgundian_clothing|Burgundian]]
*[[Cotehardie]]
*[[Houpelande]] England, France, Italy, Northern Europe c1360-1450
*Italian early Renaissance styles

====1501-1600====
*[[Tudor clothing]]
*[[Elizabethan clothing]]
*[[Florentine clothing|Renaissance Florentine]],
*[[Venetian clothing|Renaissance Venetian]] http://www.geocities.com/oonaghsown/
*[[Flemish clothing|Renaissance Flemish]]
*German Renaissance ([[landsknecht]])
*[[Ottoman_clothing]]
*16th Century Spanish clothing - [http://www.jessamynscloset.com/16thgallery.html Jessamun's 16th C spanish gallery] [http://sayaespanola.glittersweet.com/ saya espanola]

==Clothing Styles by Profession or Cultural Group==
(i.e. styles that will be distinct from the normal clothing styles of the time):
*[[entertainers_clothing|Musicians,jongleurs and entertainers]]
*[[prostitute_clothing|Prostitutes]]
*[[clerical_clothing|Clergy]] includes [[priest]]s, [[monk]]s, [[nun]]s
*[[mariner_clothing|Mariners]] ([[sailor]]s)
*[[military_clothing|Military clothing]]
*Travelling traders - was special clothing worn, or clothing from home, local clothing or a mixture of both?
*Clothing of the [[Jew]]s
*[[Clothing of the gypsies]]/Romany/Travelling people

==Clothing for Special Purposes==
*Special [[fighter clothing|clothing for fighters]]
*Special [[clothing for horseriding]]
*Changes to [[crusader east|crusader dress]] for the heat of the east (were there any?)
*[[hot clothing|Clothing]] adjustments for working in a hot place (eg a kitchen)
*[[work clothes|Clothing]] adjustments for working in the fields (taking off layers, add a straw hat, etc)
*[[Nightgowns]] (mostly just undergarments we think - evidence?)
*Clothing for attending religious services (add a hat or veil? rosary?, what for which religion, etc)
*[http://www.larsdatter.com/weddingdress.htm Wedding dresses]
*[[Maternity_and_breastfeeding_Clothing|Clothing for maternity and breastfeeding]]

This page is a work in progress, and also an overview the scope of which is beyond any average person. Details will be wrong - fix them. Go on, you know you're just itching to fill in the gaps.

[[category:clothing]]

Saxon clothing

2013-05-08T16:27:12Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "Many of the clothing styles from the early Anglo-Saxons would also have been worn by early Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. :See also: ''[[Anglo-Saxon cl..."

Many of the clothing styles from the early Anglo-Saxons would also have been worn by early Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time.

:See also: ''[[Anglo-Saxon clothing]]''

==Clothing Styles by Time Period==

====Pre-900====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/saxon.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper: The Saxons] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Patterns and description]

====901-1200====
* [http://www.3owls.org/sca/costume/garb2.htm Clothed Seemly and Proper, the Second Part: The late 11th and 12th centuries] by Jehanne de Huguenin [Description]

====1201-1300====
* [http://www.walpurgis.co.uk/ Walpurgis in the 13th Century]
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1301-1400====
* [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/Toque.htm Headwear: How to Make a Toque] [Patterns and Description]

====1401-1500====

====1501-1600====
* "Cranach" Gown
::abt 1530s: [http://www.reconstructinghistory.com/articles/16th-century-articles/a-saxon-ladys-outfit-as-seen-in-the-works-of-lucas-cranch.html A Saxon Lady’s Outfit As Seen in the Works of] [[Lucas Cranach the Elder|Lucas Cranach]] by Kass McGann [Images and Description, Patterns for Purchase]
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/cranach1/ Cranach Gown Part 1: Research] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://tistfa.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/cranach-gown-part-2-skirt-construction-part-1/ Cranach Gown Part 2: Skirt Construction Part 1] from ''Truth is Stranger than Fashion'' blog
::[http://sophie-stitches.weebly.com/german-saxon-cranach-gown.html 16th c: Early German-Saxon (Cranach) Gowns] from Sophie Stitches

[[Category:Clothing]] [[Category:Saxon]]

Anglo-Saxon clothing

2013-05-08T16:24:34Z

Khaentlahn: Created page with "==Clothing Styles by Time Period== ====Pre-Period==== * 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Earl..."

==Clothing Styles by Time Period==

====Pre-Period====
* 400-600: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/EarlyASCostume.htm How to Make an Early (Pagan) Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]
* 400-600: [http://www.maering.co.uk/ Anglian Information Page: 5th-6th Century women's dress] [Patterns and Description]
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====601-700====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====701-800====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====801-900====
* 400-900: [http://mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr/link/med/england/anglo-saxon/culture/dress.html Clothing and Appearance of the Pagan Anglo-Saxons] by Angelcynn

====901-1000====
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====1001-1066====
* 1000-1066: [http://web.onetel.net.uk/~npwilson/maering/11thdress.htm Anglo-Saxon Women's Clothing for the 11th century]
* 995-1066: [http://www.historiclife.com/historicalclothing/11th.htm Historic Life: 11th Century Anglo-Saxon and Norman Clothing]
* 900-1066: [http://www.rosieandglenn.co.uk/TheLibrary/Costume/CnTGuides/HowtoMake/LateASCostume.htm How to Make a Late Anglo-Saxon Costume] [Patterns and Descriptions for a complete outfit]

====Indeterminate====
* [http://www.aeans.org/articles/ascloak.shtml Anglo-Saxon Cloaks]

==Pre and Post History==
Many of the clothing styles from the early Saxons would also have been worn by Anglo-Saxons, though the styles may have shifted over time. ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

Many [[Anglo-Saxon]] nobility fled to [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]] and [[Scandinavia]] after the [[Norman]] conquest of [[England]]. [[Anglo-Saxon]] soldiers appear to have joined with the [[Byzantine Empire]] as mercenaries. Clothing styles from this point in England were considered ''[[Norman clothing|Norman]]''.

[[Category:Clothing]]

Saxony

2013-05-08T16:07:39Z

Khaentlahn: /* Clothing */

Saxony was originally a settlement area of the Saxons comprising the area of the modern German states of [[Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and most of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Saxony was subdued by [[Charlemagne]] during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_Wars Saxon Wars] from about 772 and was created as a [[stem duchy]] in 843 with the [[Treaty of Verdun]]. The Duchy of Saxony, like most Germanic states, fluctuated in size, land area and power throughout the majority of the medieval era until the formation of the modern country of [[Germany]] in 1918.

==Rulers of Saxony==
:[[Louis the Child]], [[King of East Francia]] - 900-911
:[[Conrad the Younger]], [[King of Germany]] - 911-912
:[[Henry the Fowler]], Duke of Saxony - 912-936
:[[Otto I]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] - 936-973
:[[Bernard I]], Duke of Saxony - 973-1011
:[[Bernard II]], Duke of Saxony - 1011-1059
:[[Ordulf]], Duke of Saxony - 1059-1072
:[[Magnus]], Duke of Saxony - 1072-1106, Billung dynasty
:[[Lothair III]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] - 1106-1112
:[[Otto of Ballenstedt]], Duke of Saxony - 1112-1115
:[[Lothair III]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] - 1115-1137
:[[Henry the Proud]], Duke of Saxony - 1137-1139
:[[Albert the Bear]], Duke of Saxony - 1138-1142
:[[Henry the Lion]], Duke of Saxony and [[Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] - 1142-1180, Welf Dynasty

==The Duchy Crumbles==
:At this point in the Duchy of Saxony's history, everything fell apart. In 1176 [[Henry the Lion]], the ruler of Saxony and [[Bavaria]] and one of the most powerful princes of northern Germany, refused to aid his cousin [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Frederick Barbarossa|Frederick I Barbarossa]] in his campaign against the cities of [[Lombardy]] at the [[Battle of Legnano]]. In 1180 the ban of the empire was proclaimed against [[Henry the Lion|Henry]] at [[Würzburg]] (in abstentia), and 1181 the old Duchy of Saxony was cut up at the [[Diet of Gelnhausen]] into many small portions. The greater share of its western portion was given, as the [[Westphalia|Duchy of Westphalia]], to the Archbishop of [[Cologne]]. The Saxon bishops, who had before this possessed sovereign authority in their territories, though under the suzerainty of the Duke of Saxony, gained [[imperial immediacy]] subject only to the imperial government. Saxon archbishops turned into prince-archbishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of [[Bremen]] and [[Magdeburg]], and the prince-bishops of [[Halberstadt]], [[Lübeck]], [[Ratzeburg]], [[Schwerin]] as well as [[Verden]], etc. The case was the same with a large number of secular countships and cities.

==Armor==
*16th Century
:[http://archive.org/details/jstor-25136604 Cleveland Museum of Art: Armor of the Royal Guard of Saxony]

==Clothing==
:See: ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

==Manuscripts==
*12th Century
:c. 1173-1175: [[Gospels of Henry the Lion]] (Evangeliar Heinrichs des Löwen)
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evangeliar_heinrich_des_loewen.jpg Uncertain Fol from the gospels]
::[http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinatio/59314640/ Fol from Genesis]
:::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_der_L%C3%B6we_und_Mathilde_von_England.jpg Henry the Lion and Mathilde of England] (Enlargement from Genesis)

*13th Century
:c. 1240: [[Goslar Gospels]] (Goslarer Evangeliar)
::[http://www.adeva.com/faks_bild_2.asp?id=35 Fol. 10v: Die Anbetung der Könige (Ausschnitt)]
::[http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinatio/58133895 From the Gospel of Luke]
:::[http://braunschweig2010.de/_cms/kunstschaetze/Evangeliar_Lukas.jpg Left Fol Enlargement]
:::[http://www.michael-giesecke.de/geschichte/zweistromland_aegypten/dokumente/schreibtechnik_und_stoffe/dokumentation/bleitafeln_schreibmedien.htm Lower Right Fol Enlargement]

==Fiction==
The following are fictitious or legendary accounts loosely based on period instances:
:[http://archive.org/details/talesandlegends00westgoog Tales and Legends of Saxony and Lusatia (1877)]
:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof01colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 1 (1844)]
:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof02colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 2 (1844)]
:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof03colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 3 (1844)]

==References==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony Wikipedia: Duchy of Saxony]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxony Wikipedia: Saxony]
* [http://archive.org/details/anabaptistsbeing00newc The Anabaptists: being an account of the progress of the Reformation in Germany, from the Diet of Worms to the death of Frederic, Elector of Saxony (1836)]

[[Category:Pages with broken file links]] [[Category:Saxon]] [[Category:7th century]] [[Category:8th century]] [[Category:9th century]] [[Category:10th century]] [[Category:11th century]] [[Category:12th century]] [[Category:13th century]] [[Category:14th century]] [[Category:15th century]] [[Category:16th century]]

Saxony

2013-05-08T16:07:20Z

Khaentlahn: moved Clothing to another page

Saxony was originally a settlement area of the Saxons comprising the area of the modern German states of [[Bremen]], [[Hamburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and most of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Saxony was subdued by [[Charlemagne]] during the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_Wars Saxon Wars] from about 772 and was created as a [[stem duchy]] in 843 with the [[Treaty of Verdun]]. The Duchy of Saxony, like most Germanic states, fluctuated in size, land area and power throughout the majority of the medieval era until the formation of the modern country of [[Germany]] in 1918.

==Rulers of Saxony==
:[[Louis the Child]], [[King of East Francia]] - 900-911
:[[Conrad the Younger]], [[King of Germany]] - 911-912
:[[Henry the Fowler]], Duke of Saxony - 912-936
:[[Otto I]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] - 936-973
:[[Bernard I]], Duke of Saxony - 973-1011
:[[Bernard II]], Duke of Saxony - 1011-1059
:[[Ordulf]], Duke of Saxony - 1059-1072
:[[Magnus]], Duke of Saxony - 1072-1106, Billung dynasty
:[[Lothair III]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] - 1106-1112
:[[Otto of Ballenstedt]], Duke of Saxony - 1112-1115
:[[Lothair III]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] - 1115-1137
:[[Henry the Proud]], Duke of Saxony - 1137-1139
:[[Albert the Bear]], Duke of Saxony - 1138-1142
:[[Henry the Lion]], Duke of Saxony and [[Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]] - 1142-1180, Welf Dynasty

==The Duchy Crumbles==
:At this point in the Duchy of Saxony's history, everything fell apart. In 1176 [[Henry the Lion]], the ruler of Saxony and [[Bavaria]] and one of the most powerful princes of northern Germany, refused to aid his cousin [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Frederick Barbarossa|Frederick I Barbarossa]] in his campaign against the cities of [[Lombardy]] at the [[Battle of Legnano]]. In 1180 the ban of the empire was proclaimed against [[Henry the Lion|Henry]] at [[Würzburg]] (in abstentia), and 1181 the old Duchy of Saxony was cut up at the [[Diet of Gelnhausen]] into many small portions. The greater share of its western portion was given, as the [[Westphalia|Duchy of Westphalia]], to the Archbishop of [[Cologne]]. The Saxon bishops, who had before this possessed sovereign authority in their territories, though under the suzerainty of the Duke of Saxony, gained [[imperial immediacy]] subject only to the imperial government. Saxon archbishops turned into prince-archbishops, such as the Prince-Archbishops of [[Bremen]] and [[Magdeburg]], and the prince-bishops of [[Halberstadt]], [[Lübeck]], [[Ratzeburg]], [[Schwerin]] as well as [[Verden]], etc. The case was the same with a large number of secular countships and cities.

==Armor==
*16th Century
:[http://archive.org/details/jstor-25136604 Cleveland Museum of Art: Armor of the Royal Guard of Saxony]

==Clothing==
See: ''[[Saxon clothing]]''

==Manuscripts==
*12th Century
:c. 1173-1175: [[Gospels of Henry the Lion]] (Evangeliar Heinrichs des Löwen)
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evangeliar_heinrich_des_loewen.jpg Uncertain Fol from the gospels]
::[http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinatio/59314640/ Fol from Genesis]
:::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_der_L%C3%B6we_und_Mathilde_von_England.jpg Henry the Lion and Mathilde of England] (Enlargement from Genesis)

*13th Century
:c. 1240: [[Goslar Gospels]] (Goslarer Evangeliar)
::[http://www.adeva.com/faks_bild_2.asp?id=35 Fol. 10v: Die Anbetung der Könige (Ausschnitt)]
::[http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinatio/58133895 From the Gospel of Luke]
:::[http://braunschweig2010.de/_cms/kunstschaetze/Evangeliar_Lukas.jpg Left Fol Enlargement]
:::[http://www.michael-giesecke.de/geschichte/zweistromland_aegypten/dokumente/schreibtechnik_und_stoffe/dokumentation/bleitafeln_schreibmedien.htm Lower Right Fol Enlargement]

==Fiction==
The following are fictitious or legendary accounts loosely based on period instances:
:[http://archive.org/details/talesandlegends00westgoog Tales and Legends of Saxony and Lusatia (1877)]
:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof01colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 1 (1844)]
:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof02colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 2 (1844)]
:[http://archive.org/details/mauriceelectorof03colq Maurice, the elector of Saxony; an historical romance, Vol 3 (1844)]

==References==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony Wikipedia: Duchy of Saxony]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxony Wikipedia: Saxony]
* [http://archive.org/details/anabaptistsbeing00newc The Anabaptists: being an account of the progress of the Reformation in Germany, from the Diet of Worms to the death of Frederic, Elector of Saxony (1836)]

[[Category:Pages with broken file links]] [[Category:Saxon]] [[Category:7th century]] [[Category:8th century]] [[Category:9th century]] [[Category:10th century]] [[Category:11th century]] [[Category:12th century]] [[Category:13th century]] [[Category:14th century]] [[Category:15th century]] [[Category:16th century]]