Cunnan - User contributions [en]

Canton of Cyddlain Downs

2008-12-03T16:46:19Z

KarenLarsdatter:

{{SCA Shire box|name = ''Canton of Cyddlain Downs'' |color = red|metal = white|device = [[Image:Downs.jpg]] | caption = | founded = | seneschal = Emma Lina Haroldsdottir | area = Greater Columbia, South Carolina [[USA]].| kingdom = Atlantia}}
'''The Canton of Cyddlain Downs''' is a [[SCA]] [[canton]] in the [[Kingdom of Atlantia]] formed in the center of the state of South Carolina. It includes Columbia, South Carolina in the [[Barony of Nottinghill Coill]].

(The actual registered name for this group is '''The Canton of Cydllan Downs''', but the '''Cyddlain''' spelling is used more consistently by the group.)

==External Links==
*[http://cyddlaindowns.org The Canton of Cyddlain Downs]
[[Category:Cantons (SCA)|Cyddlain Downs]]

Canton of Cyddlain Downs

2008-12-03T16:43:32Z

KarenLarsdatter: Updated web link, noted spelling weirdness

{{SCA Shire box|name = ''Canton of Cyddlain Downs'' |color = red|metal = white|device = [[Image:Downs.jpg]] | area = Greater Columbia, South Carolina [[USA]].| kingdom = Atlantia}}
'''The Canton of Cyddlain Downs''' is a [[SCA]] [[canton]] in the [[Kingdom of Atlantia]] formed in the center of the state of South Carolina. It includes Columbia, South Carolina in the [[Barony of Nottinghill Coill]].

(The actual registered name for this group is '''The Canton of Cydllan Downs''', but the '''Cyddlain''' spelling is used more consistently by the group.)

==External Links==
*[http://cyddlaindowns.org The Canton of Cyddlain Downs]
[[Category:Cantons (SCA)|Cyddlain Downs]]

Duchy of Sangrael

2008-12-03T16:12:37Z

KarenLarsdatter: /* External Links */

The '''Duchy of Sangrael''' (or San Grael) is the subdivision of the [[Adrian Empire]] which covers the southern half of Riverside County, California.

==External Links==
*[http://www.sangrael.org The Duchy of Sangrael]

{{msg:stub}}
[[category:duchy (Adrian Empire)]]

Duchy of Sangrael

2008-12-03T16:12:07Z

KarenLarsdatter: Added link

Portuguese

2008-12-03T16:10:17Z

KarenLarsdatter: Corrected typos, added links to related articles

'''Portuguese''' is a [[Romance language]] from [[Portugal]]. Its earliest texts are dated from the [[12th century]] with [[troubadour]]s songs developing in the [[13th century]]. The epic [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3333 ''Os Lusíadas''] ("The Luciads") by Luís de Camões was published in 1572.

Modern Portuguese is based on a dialect from [[Lisbon]], and influenced by the [[Galician]] dialect in north-west [[Spain]].

==See Also==

*[[Portuguese alternate titles]]

==External Links==

*[http://www.geocities.com/correia72/medieval.htm Medieval Portuguese Literature]
*[http://the-orb.net/bibliographies/portugal.html ORB Bibliographies: Portugal]

{{stub}}
[[category:language]]

Black

2008-12-03T16:02:17Z

KarenLarsdatter:

Black is not a simple colour to obtain in [[fabric]]; there were a few recipes for true [[black dye]]s, but they become more prevalent in the later part of our [[period]].

For black in [[heraldry]], see [[sable]].

See also [[ink]].

[[category:colour]]

Galingale

2008-12-03T15:59:17Z

KarenLarsdatter: typo fixed

'''Galingale''' (''Cyperus Longus''), also called galangal, is a hardy perennial plant, whose root is used in cooking, often as a [[ginger]] substitute. When cultivating galingale prefers moist soil in a sunny position.

As a medicinal [[herb]] galingale was used as a diuretic and as a stimulant added to [[wine]].

==See Also==

===Recipes using galingale===

* [[Sawse madame (recipe)|Sawse madame]]
* [[Crustardes of flessh (recipe)|Crustardes of flessh]]
* [[Flaumpens (recipe)|Flaumpens]]

===Period references===

* [[Galingale (Askham)|Galingale according to Askham's Herbal]]

[[Category:spices]]

Banner

2008-12-03T15:02:18Z

KarenLarsdatter: Linked trumpets to page of trumpet banners.

A '''banner''' is a type of [[period]] [[flag]] that is attached vertically to a [[spear]] or staff, or on other ceremonial items like [http://larsdatter.com/trumpet-banners.htm trumpets]. They are rectangular in shape with the longer side generally attached to the staff. Some can be found that are square. The flag bears a [[noble]]'s [[device]] or [[symbol]] in such a way that the [[dexter]] side was by the staff on either side of the flag. Some banners had one or more strip or [[tongue]] extending horizontally out from the top edge or the outside edge. They were also commonly decorated with a [[fringe]] around all but the staff side.

''See also'':
* [[Knight Bachelor]]
== Banners in the SCA ==
In the [[SCA]], the term '''banner''' is commonly used to refer to a flag that is suspended horizontally from a pole. This is actually a [[gonfalon]].

It is also common to see [[banner bearer]]s on the [[field]] during SCA [[battle]]s.

==References==
* [http://donna.hrynkiw.net/flags/ Medieval Flags and Banners]
* [http://donna.hrynkiw.net/flags/norris.html Medieval Flags: Norris]
* [http://www.merouda.com/asheraldry/as14.htm Heraldic Arts & Sciences: A Banner Wrap Up]

== External Links ==
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=167 Atlantian A&S Links: Heraldic Banners & Flags ]
* [http://www.larsdatter.com/banners.htm Extant Banners & Flags from the Middle Ages and Renaissance]

[[category:flag]]
[[category:heraldry]]

Moneyer

2008-12-03T15:00:14Z

KarenLarsdatter: Added external link

A person given license by the [[King]] to strike [[coin]]s for the kingdom. In [[12th Century]] [[England]], coins were periodically melted down and restruck. This reissuing of currency kept in business more than 30 moneyers, located at various places around the country. The moneyer was in charge of overseeing the coins being struck, but employed others to do the actual work of making the coins. Each moneyer had his own separate [[mint]] with a furnace where this was done, even in large cities with several moneyers.

Being a moneyer involved some wealth and position, but no claim to nobility or political power, making the person the equivalent of the merchant class.

==References==
*[[12_Century_References#Holmes_1952|Holmes 1952]]
*[[12_Century_References#Zarnecki 1984|Zarnecki 1984]]
[[category:occupation (medieval)]]

== External Links ==
* [http://larsdatter.com/coining.htm Coining, Coin-Minting, and Coin Dies in the Middle Ages and Renaissance]

2007-09-13T18:27:56Z

KarenLarsdatter: /* Sources for Further Information */ Added more sources

=== Background ===

During the [[Elizabethan]] period, there are several styles of [[embroidery]] that became popular:

* [[Blackwork]] continued to be used mainly on clothing, however, while the earlier, reversable form remained in use (on collars and cuffs), new forms began to be used. These included a informal, freeform often floral all-over work used on foreparts and sleeves.

* [[Tent Stitch]] was used to produced a variety of household items, including [[table carpets]], bed dressings and cushions. It was also used to make [[sweete bags]]. [[Tent stitch]] was also used to produce [[slips]] which were small motifs stitched on linen and then applied to more expensive fabris.

* General free form [[embroidery]] was also produced.

=== Materials Used ===

* [[linen]] [[canvas]] ground, coloured [[silk]]s and siver-gilt [[thread]] ([[Oxburgh Hangings]]).
* [[linen]] ground, coloured [[silk]]s,silver-gilt and silver threads, seed pearl and black beads
* velvet and [[silk]] grounds also used, with coloured [[silk]]s and metal [[thread]]s.

=== Stitches and Techniques ===

* [[tent stitch]]
* [[double-running stitch]]
* [[couching]]
* [[detatched buttonhole]]

=== Design ===

Designs were inspired by a variety of sources in the [[Elizabethan]] period. These included [[modelbuchs]] or pattern books. There were published and aimed at both the domestic and professional embroiderer. Needleworkers also used [[herbals]], [[emblem]] books and [[beastiary]] books to find patterns and designs.

In general, the needlework of the [[Elizabethan]]s reflects their love for nature. Plants, flowers, birds, animals and inserts are all common motifs found in [[Elizabethan]] [[embroidery]] including that produced on clothing.

=== Extant Pieces ===

* Panels from [[Oxburgh Hangings]] (1570) Embroidered by Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury. (http://images.vam.ac.uk/ search for "Oxburgh")
* Jane Bostocke Sampler (1598) (http://images.vam.ac.uk/ seach for "Bostocke")

=== Links ===

* See also the Elizabethan Geek Wiki's information on Elizabethan embroidery at http://elizabethangeek.com/wiki/index.cgi?ElizabethanEmbroidery

=== Sources for Further Information ===
* Thomasina Beck, ''The Embroiderer's Story: Needlework from the Renaissance to the Present Day'', Devon: David & Charles, 1995 (ISBN 0715309625)
* George Winfield Digby, ''Elizabethan Embroidery'', New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1963 (ISBN 0571056466)
* Donald King and Santina Levey, ''The Victoria & Albert Museum's Textile Collection: Embroidery in Britain from 1200 to 1759'', New York: 1993 (ISBN 1558596526)
* John L. Nevinson, ''Catalogue of English Domestic Embroidery of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries'', London, 1938
* Barbara Snook, ''English Embroidery'', London: Mills & Boon, 1974 (ISBN 0263055795)
* Margaret Swain, ''The Needlework of Mary Queen of Scots'', Carlton: Ruth Bean Publishers, 1986 (ISBN 0896762483)
* Pamela Wardle, ''Guide to English Embroidery'', Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1970 (ISBN 0112900305)
[[category:embroidery]]

Tent stitch

2007-09-13T18:17:40Z

KarenLarsdatter: Revised discussion of slips, as the Oxburgh Hangings were worked in cross stitch, not tent stitch. Also added external link to Atlantian A&S site.

[[image:crown.jpg|thumb|right|Tent Stitch on [[linen]] [[canvas]]]]
'''Tent stitch''' was a popular and easy to work [[embroidery]] stitch used extensively for creating richly decorated furnishings.

There were two main techniques:

* The first was made using tent stitch, [[silk]] thread and [[linen]] ground. The pattern was drawn on the ground and it was then embroidered using coloured [[silk]] threads. The whole of the linen ground was covered in stitching. This technique was used extensively for furnishings such as [[table carpet]]s, cushions and bed valances.

* The second technique was the making of [[slips]]; tent-stitched [[flower]]s and other figures that were cut from the [[linen]] ground and [[applique]]d to another fabric, often [[velvet]].

=== External Links ===
* How to do Tent Stitch - http://www.needlepoint.org/StitchOfTheMonth/98-02.htm
[[category:embroidery]]
* [http://moas.atlantia.sca.org/wsnlinks/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=447 Atlantian A&S Links: Canvaswork]

2007-09-11T15:39:16Z

KarenLarsdatter:

'''Tallow''' is rendered animal fat, usually from [[sheep]] or [[cow]]s. It has been used to make [[candle]]s from [[Roman]] times, but it gives off some smoke, making [[beeswax]] a preferred, if more expensive, option.

Tallow had various other uses, including the production of [[soap]].
[[category:materials (medieval)]]

Brittany

2007-09-11T15:38:36Z

KarenLarsdatter: Had incorrect information about the end of the duchy; Anne married Charles VIII first, then Charles' cousin Louis XII after Charles died.

'''Brittany''' is the top-left, tongue-shaped, bit of [[France]].

When the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] were there, they called it ''Armorica'' and it was inhabited by [[Gaul]]s. By the [[4th century]] tribesmen from [[Britain]] had begun to cross the [[English Channel|Channel]] to settle there, a flow which accelerated during the [[5th century]] as Roman [[soldier|troops]] and authority were withdrawn from Britain, and [[Anglo-Saxon]]s entered the country from the east.

To distinguish it from Britain proper, the region acquired the name of ''Brittany'' or ''Lesser Britain''.

As time passed the region divided into three [[kingdom]]s -- Domnonia, Cornouaille and Bro Waroch (the first two taking their names from the Roman for "''Devon''" and the French for "''[[Cornwall]]''") -- which were later amalgamated once more, to form the [[Duchy]] of Brittany.

The Duchy maintained its independence from the [[France|French]] [[Crown]] until 1488, when the [[army]] of [[Wikipedia:Francis_II_of_Brittany|Duke François II]] were defeated and the duke forced to submit and become a [[vassal]] to the king of France.

[[Category: Medieval France]]

Lard

2007-09-11T15:22:05Z

KarenLarsdatter: Added internal & Wiki links

The rendered fat of (usually) a [[pig]]. It is [[white]] and solid, or semi-solid. It has many uses, mostly in [[cooking]] (can be used as [[shortening]], to [[fry]] food, in gravy, etc). In addition, it is one of the main ingredients for [[soap]] (along with ashes for the [[Wikipedia:Lye|lye]] content).

One documentary on the creation of [[Wikipedia:Stonehenge|Stonehenge]] suggests that lard may have been used to lubricate tracks upon which the large boulders could have been pulled up the hill upon which they stand.

''See also: '''[[Ghee]]''' ''
[[category:food]]