Cunnan - User contributions [en]

Collegia

2007-08-10T12:22:51Z

62.25.109.196:

'''Collegium''' is the term used in the [[SCA]] for a set of classes on various [[Arts and Sciences]] topics. These tend to be run at major [[event]]s such as [[Rowany Festival]], but occasionally they are run on their own, for example [[Bunch of Classes]]. In some places, collegium events are called [[university|universities]].

===Grammatical difficulties with the word Collegium===

Being a [[Latin]] word, the plural of Collegium is '''Collegia'''. As Collegium is already a word for something that there is more than one of most people get confused. Some people use the word Collegium to designate a single class and others will use the words Collegiums and Collegias. You could argue about it until you're [[woad|blue in the face]], but it's easier not to.
[[category:events]]

Kings of Arms

2006-11-13T09:29:10Z

62.25.109.196: sp

In [[England]] the first '''King of Arms''' was recorded in the [[13th century]], when, in one of the Harleian documents (Cl.54) one Peter (possiby ''de Horbury'') is mentioned as "king of Arms beyond the Trent" (an English river), collecting a debt of 20 silver marks around 1276CE.

Later the area north of the Trent was to become one of the 2 recognised English [[heraldic]] provinces, whose king was generally titled as '''''Norroy''''' (although for periods the office appears to have been executed by the '''March''' and '''Lancaster''' Kings of Arms. 
The other English province (England south of the Trent) became the purview of '''''Clarenceux''''' King of Arms, whose first known incumbent is Andrew, from 1314CE.

A century later the senior-most King was created (and created specifically to be senior-most, as well as to cater to a new heraldic Order) -- '''Garter''' King, first incumbent William Bruges, formerly Guyenne King.

Other Kings within the English college were appointed to cater to new geographical possessions (some of them Heralds promoted):
* '''Guyenne''' and '''Aquitaine''' (the titles were never both filled, and alternate according to an unknown rule) -- the English holdings in SW [[France]]. ''Ca.''1306 to 1475, not continuously.
* '''Ireland''' -- Between ''ca.''1370 and ''ca.''1483; later revived as '''Ulster''', 1552 to 1558, then severed from the English [[College of Arms|College]].
* '''March''' -- apparently the [[Wales|Welsh]] and [[Scotland|Scots]] broder areas. 1384 (March Herald (a private, not a royal herald) promoted to King) to 1481, but few incumbents known in records.
* '''Lancaster''' --- In 1386 he was the private herald to the Duke of Lancaster but was styled a King; became a [[Royal]] herald and King in ''ca.''1399 reverted to status of a herald after 1450; undertook the duties of '''Norroy'''.
* '''Anjou''' -- Records only show a brief office, from 1425 to 1436, with 2 incumbents, after which the office dies.

There were also a number of other short-lived Kings: '''Falcon''' from ''ca.''1359 to 1412; '''Leicester''', 1399-1419, after which reverted to the rank of herald; '''Agincourt''', 1415-1419, then disappears; '''Gloucester''' 1483-4; '''Richmond''', a herald, who gained Kingly rank briefly in 1485 before the incumbent(Roger Malchado) was made '''Norroy''' King.
There are also single references to Normandy, Mascham and Vaillant Kings, to a King of Arms to the Black Prince, and to 6 other individuals named as Kings without titles being given.

Finally, one source (''BM Cotton ms.'') refers to one Bond as a 'king of arms' in 1225CE, but no title of offcie is cited and Mr.Bond is otherwise unknown. In all the circumstances most authorities treat this is a figment of fiction intended to back-date the office of King and enhance its antiquity.

''Sourcers: Various, mostly amalgamations of published summaries etc.''

User:Simoncursitor/KofJ

2006-11-07T09:27:24Z

62.25.109.196:

1099-1100 > [[Godfrey/Godefroi of Bouillon]]

1100-1118 > [[Baldwin I]] :: brother of Godfrey

1118-1131 > [[Baldwin II]] :: "cousin" of Godfrey & Baldwin

1131-1153 > [[Melisende]] :: daughter of Baldwin II. 
:1131-1143 > Fulk V of Anjou, as consort of Melisende, until his death

1143-1162 > [[Baldwin III]] :: son of Melisende & Fulk; co-ruler with his mother until 1152

1162-1174 > [[Amalric I]] :: brother of Baldwin

1174-1185 > [[Baldwin IV]] :: son of Amalric (known as "Baldwin the Leper")

1185-1186 > [[Baldwin V]] :: nephew of Baldwin the Leper

1186-1187 > [[Sybilla]] :: daughter of Amalric I 
1186-1187 > Guy of Lusignan

'''Jerusalem''' was lost to the [[Muslim]]s in 1187. Sibylla died in 1190; Guy refused to cede the throne until his death in 1192

1192-1205 > Isabella I :: daughter of Amalric I
ruled with 
:1192 > Conrad of Montferrat
:1192-1197 > Henry of Champagne
:1198-1205 > Amalric II

1205-1212 > [[Maria of Montferrat]] :: daughter of Isabella and Conrad
:1210-1212 > John of Brienne, who then served as [[regent]] for

1212-1228 > [[Yolande]] (otherwise Isabella II) :: daughter of Maria and John
ruled with
:1225-1228 > Frederick II, [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman]] [[Emperor]]

1228-1254 > Conrad II, of Hohenstaufen :: son of Yolande & Frederick

1254-1268 > Conrad III (also known as Conradin) :: son of Conrad II

1268-1284 > Hugh I (formerly Hugh of Antioch) :: regent to Conradin. His claim was challenged by 
1277-1285 > Charles of Anjou

1284-1285 > John II :: son of Hugh, and successor to his claim

1285-1291 > Henry II :: brother of John

The [[kingdom]] of Jerusalem ended in 1291: the titular kingship continued within [[period]], but was never more than an appenage to other titles and claims, by kings of Cyprus and of Naples.

Hammer

2006-08-31T10:12:02Z

62.25.109.196:

==Hammer ([[tool]]) ==
A '''hammer''' is composed of a shaft and a head, assembled in a 'T' formation.

The shaft (generally of [[wood]]) fits between the user's hand and the hammer's head. It is what you grab to use the hammer. The longer the shaft, the more force can be exterted by the head, but at the same time, the slower the hammer becomes to use.

The head (generally made of [[metal]] or (in primitive societies) of [[stone]]) is what does the striking -- the striking surface with generally be flat or slightly convex. There may be a second striking surface on the other side of the 'T', either of the same size and shape, or designed differently, for a different striking effect.

==Hammer ([[weapon]])==
The '''hammer''' was eventually modified for use in [[combat]]. This is a [[war]]-hammer or a [[maul]]. Like the tool, a war-hammer could be used for gripping and striking (being as how most [[plate armour]] was hammered [[metal]], a hammer could do a deal to deform it), even against [[mail]], which the hammer deformed inward, causing it to transmit the blow to the [[armour]] and flesh underneath. Or they could be thrown, as a high-mass blunt-impact [[missile]], over short distances. They could be mounted on longer shafts, in the manner of a two-handed weapon, when although they were slower, they packed a substantially heavier impact. As such they were also useful for work against structures -- [[door]]s, [[stone]] walls, etc.

[[category:weapons]]
[[category:tool]]

User:Simoncursitor/KofJ

2006-08-11T09:28:20Z

62.25.109.196:

1099-1100 > [[Godfrey/Godefroi of Bouillon]]

1100-1118 > [[Baldwin I]] :: brother of Godfrey

1118-1131 > [[Baldwin II]] :: "cousin" of Godfrey & Baldwin

1131-1153 > [[Melisende]] :: daughter of Baldwin II. 
:1131-1143 > Fulk V of Anjou, as consort of Melisende, until his death

1143-1162 > [[Baldwin III]] :: son of Melisende & Fulk; co-ruler with his mother until 1152

1162-1174 > [[Amalric I]] :: brother of Baldwin

1174-1185 > Baldwin IV :: son of Amalric (known as "Baldwin the Leper")

1185-1186 > Baldwin V :: nephew of Baldwin the Leper

1186-1187 > Sibylla :: daughter of Amalric I 
1186-1187 > Guy of Lusignan

'''Jerusalem''' was lost to the [[Muslim]]s in 1187. Sibylla died in 1190; Guy refused to cede the throne until his death in 1192

1192-1205 > Isabella I :: daughter of Amalric I
ruled with 
:1192 > Conrad of Montferrat
:1192-1197 > Henry of Champagne
:1198-1205 > Amalric II

1205-1212 > [[Maria of Montferrat]] :: daughter of Isabella and Conrad
:1210-1212 > John of Brienne, who then served as [[regent]] for

1212-1228 > Yolande (otherwise Isabella II) :: daughter of Maria and John
ruled with
:1225-1228 > Frederick II, [[Holy Roman Emperor]]

1228-1254 > Conrad II, of Hohenstaufen :: son of Yolande & Frederick

1254-1268 > Conrad III (also known as Conradin) :: son of Conrad II

1268-1284 > Hugh I (formerly Hugh of Antioch) :: regent to Conradin. His claim was challenged by 
1277-1285 > Charles of Anjou

1284-1285 > John II :: son of Hugh, and successor to his claim

1285-1291 > Henry II :: brother of John

The [[kingdom]] of Jerusalem ended in 1291: the titular kingship continued within [[period]], but was never more than an appenage to other titles and claims, by kings of Cyprus and of Naples.

User:Simoncursitor/KofJ

2006-08-11T09:27:43Z

62.25.109.196:

1099-1100 > [[Godfrey/Godefroi of Bouillon]]

1100-1118 > [[Baldwin I]] :: brother of Godfrey

1118-1131 > [[Baldwin II]] :: "cousin" of Godfrey & Baldwin

1131-1153 > [[Melisende]] :: daughter of Baldwin II. 
:1131-1143 > Fulk V of Anjou, as consort of Melisende, until his death

1143-1162 > [[Baldwin III]] :: son of Melisende & Fulk; co-ruler with his mother until 1152

1162-1174 > [[Amalric I]] :: brother of Baldwin

1174-1185 > Baldwin IV :: son of Amalric (known as "Baldwin the Leper")

1185-1186 > Baldwin V :: nephew of Baldwin the Leper

1186-1187 > Sibylla :: daughter of Amalric I
1186-1187 > Guy of Lusignan

'''Jerusalem''' was lost to the [[Muslim]]s in 1187. Sibylla died in 1190; Guy refused to cede the throne until his death in 1192

1192-1205 > Isabella I :: daughter of Amalric I
ruled with 
:1192 > Conrad of Montferrat
:1192-1197 > Henry of Champagne
:1198-1205 > Amalric II

1205-1212 > [[Maria of Montferrat]] :: daughter of Isabella and Conrad
:1210-1212 > John of Brienne, who then served as [[regent]] for

1212-1228 > Yolande (otherwise Isabella II) :: daughter of Maria and John
ruled with
:1225-1228 > Frederick II, [[Holy Roman Emperor]]

1228-1254 > Conrad II, of Hohenstaufen :: son of Yolande & Frederick

1254-1268 > Conrad III (also known as Conradin) :: son of Conrad II

1268-1284 > Hugh I (formerly Hugh of Antioch) :: regent to Conradin. His claim was challenged by 
1277-1285 > Charles of Anjou

1284-1285 > John II :: son of Hugh, and successor to his claim

1285-1291 > Henry II :: brother of John

The [[kingdom]] of Jerusalem ended in 1291: the titular kingship continued within [[period]], but was never more than an appenage to other titles and claims, by kings of Cyprus and of Naples.

Lemon

2006-07-20T09:37:13Z

62.25.109.196: spelling

A '''lemon''' is a yellow citrus [[fruit]] which is used in a number of [[period]] [[recipes]]. Lemon peel appears in many dishes as well as in things such as [[marmalade]]. Lemon juice is often used to set [[jam]].

There are [[12th century]] references to the growing of lemons and they are known to have been growing in [[Italy]] in the late [[15th century]] but they did not become widespread until the [[16th century]] and then only in areas that were suitable for growing (eg. [[Spain]] and [[Italy]]). They did not become common in Northern Europe until the [[18th century]].

==See also:==
* [[cloved lemon]].

[[category:fruit]][[category:food (modern)]]

Edward Balliol

2006-06-06T13:58:47Z

62.25.109.196:

Adapted from the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Balliol Wikipaedia]] article

- - - - -

Son of [[John Balliol]], '''Edward''' (variously Balliol or ''de Baliol''), like his father, consented to be [[England]]'s puppet king on the [[Scottish kings|throne of Scotland]].

He was born ''circa.'' 1283, and began his career of usurpation in 1332, after the death of [[Robert the Bruce]], and the succession of his infant son [[David II]]. Balliol, backed by [[Edward III]] of England, invaded from France (where he had been in exile) and defeated David's Regent, the Earl of Mar. He was crowned at Scone in September 1332 (although almost to a man the lay nobles of Scotland stayed away), but was forced to flee in December, when Scots nobles loyal to [[David II|David]] made a suprise attack. 
The English restored Edward to his stolen throne in 1333, in time for him to cede the entire region of Lothian to the English crown, and to pay homage to [[Edward III|Edward]] as his ''liege'' (thereby technically extinguishing the Scots crown, reducing the country to the status of an English shire). In 1334 he was deposed, restored in 1335, and finally disposed of in 1336 when [[David II]] returned from France, with the support of the [[France|French]] king, Philip, by then at war with Edward of England).

In 1346 he made a further attempt to seize the throne, but was repulsed, having gained next to no local support. 
Finally, in 1356, recognising in him a broken reed, Edward of England paid Edward Balliol off, by giving him a pension, in return for surrendering his claim to the throne to the [[England|English]] king. At some point in the next decade Balliol died in French exile once more, unmarried, unheired, unloved and unmourned.
==Internal Links==
''See also:''
* [[Scottish kings]]
[[category:monarchs (medieval)]][[category:14th century]]
[[category:people (medieval)]][[category:13th century]]

John Balliol

2006-06-06T13:57:06Z

62.25.109.196:

'''John Balliol''', [[King]] of [[Scotland]], was born around 1249CE son of an [[England|English]] nobleman, John 5th Baron of Balliol (''Bailleul'' in [[France]]). His connection to Scotland came through his mother, Devorguilla, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway, and descendant, at some remove, of [[David I]] of Scotland. He was, however, married, by the 1280s to Isobel de Warenne, daughter of John, the English Earl of Surrey, and was therefore Scots only by birth, not by nurture or marriage.

The death, in 1286, of [[Alexander III]] and, four years later, of Alexander's daughter [[Margaret]], Maid of Norway, aged 7 and on her way to Scotland to be crowned Queen, placed John within the circle of hopefuls, none of them with unblemished claims, who hoped to be Scotland's next king. It was decided that the contest for the crown would be fought in the courts rather than on the battlefield, and, by one means or another, [[Edward I]] of [[England]] achieved selection as final arbiter. He arrived in Scotland together with a large army and, finding the two strongest candidates were Balliol, and Robert Bruce of Annandale, Edward assessed them on the basis of his underlying motive: to make Scotland a feudal dependency of England forever. Finding Balliol more amenable to swearing fealty (probably because he had always lived with Englishmen as his kings), Edward declared Balliol the rightful king, and took his oaths of loyalty and obedience, treating these as acknowledging the submission of Scotland to England forever.

The Bruces (along with many others) could see what this meant: the elder Robert Bruce passed his throne-claim on to his son, and then refused to swear homage to Balliol. But, because there was no violence offered, "King John" could not take any effective action against them.
Indeed, he had to suffer the ignominy of being called ''"Toom Tabard"'' or ''"Empty Jacket"'', in acknowledgment of the fact that he was merely Edward's puppet ruler, with no authority of his own.

Finally in April 1296 Balliol renounced his fealty to Edward, who immediately marched north with his army, crushed the Scots, captured key castles, and finally captured Balliol himself. In July 1296 he was forced to surrender himself and the entire kingdom ot Edward, who had the Stone of Destiny, upon which Scots kings were crowned, removed to [[Westminster]].
Stripped of his regalia, Balliol was shipped south, first to Hereford and then to the Tower of [[London]], where he remained until 1299, when he was released to his [[France|French]] estates, to die in 1313.
His son, Edward, was to be thrust onto the throne of Scotland at various times between 1332 and 1356, always as an [[England|English]] puppet, but was never recognised by any Scots authority.

In the aftermath of Balliol's surrender of Scotland, [[Edward I]] sent English officials north to rule for him, but they met with little sympathy. [[William Wallace]] raised an armed revolt, between 1297 and 1305. After his death, [[Robert I|Robert the Bruce]] (grandson of the Robert who had claimed the throne after [[Margaret]]'s death) was crowned king of Sctoand, and proceeded to drive the English back.

As a '''footnote''', John and Isabella had 2 daughters and a further son. Their son died fighting for England against the Scots, and one of their daughters married a FitzAlan, lord of Bedale, from whom descended a daughter Agnes who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton. He was later to become notorious for participation in the murder of [[Piers Gaveston]], [[Earl]] of Cornwall (and close companion of [[Edward II]]) in 1312.

[[category:people (medieval)]]

Scotland - Interregnum

2006-06-06T13:53:51Z

62.25.109.196:

=== The Background ===
In the aftermath of the death of [[Margaret]] of Norway, Scotland was governed by the surviving Guardians, William Fraser, Bishop of St.Andrews chiefest among them, to whom the prospective monarchs put their claims.

There were finally 13 claimants to the vacant throne. Of them, 6 claimed on the basis of illegitimate descent from earlier kings. The '''Comyn''' claim rested on descent from [[Donald III]] (''Donalbane''), and Eric of Norway laid claim through his deceased daughter, Margaret, as the grandchild of [[Alexander III]]. The remainder all made claims based on descent from Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of [[David I]], through his son, David; in each case, however, they then claimed through female lines of descent, not male. Thus the elder Robert Bruce was son of Henry's younger grand-daughter, whilst John Balliol was grandson of the elder grand-daughter, and argued for primogeniture over proximity.

David had married Matilda, the daughter of the Earl of Huntingdon. Their son was Henry who inherited the earldom, and married Ada or Adela, daughter of the Earl of Surrey.
Henry and Adela's son was David, named for his grandfather, who also became Earl of Huntingdon, and who also married a Matilda, in this case the daughter of the Earl of Chester.
This David had no sons, but two daughters. The elder, Isobel, married Robert Bruce, lord of Annandale, whose son, grandson, and great-grandson, were all named Robert.
David's younger daughter was named Margaret, and she married Alan, Lord of Galloway. Their daughter, Devorguilla, married John Balliol, and his son, also John, through his mother, claimed the throne.

===The Contenders===
'''The 13 were''':
* Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale -- son of Robert Bruce and of Isobel, daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon
* John Balliol, Lord of Galloway -- grandson of Margaret, eldest daughter of David, earl of Huntingdon, who had married Alan, Lord of Galloway, and born him a daughter, Devorguilla
* Lord John Hastings -- grandson of Ada, youngest daughter of David, on which basis he claimed entitlement, at the least, to one-third of the kingdom
* Sir John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch -- on the basis of descent, through his mother, from [[Donald III]]
* Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March -- who had two routes of claim, the first as descendant of '''William I''' or [[William the Lion]], via an illegitimate daughter (named, almost inevitably in this saga, Ada); the second as unbroken male heir of the house of Dunkeld, descended from a younger brother of [[Duncan I]]. Added to which, his wife, Marjory Comyn, alleged descent from [[Donald III]]
* Floris, Count of Holland -- claiming through another Ada, this one sister to David of Huntingdon, with the added claim that Earl David had renounced his rights to the throne of Scotland, which therefore fell to his sister.
* John Vesy, for his father Nicholas Soulis -- by alleged descent from a daughter of [[Alexander III]] (her legitimacy was, however, in doubt), who had married Alan Durward, Alexander's Justiciary. His wife may also have passed a lesser claim to him, by reason of being a Comyn
* William de Vesci -- by descent from Margaret, daughter of [[William the Lion]] (whose legitimacy was also queried)
* William Ross -- by descent from Isabella, daughter of [[William the Lion]] (again her legitimacy was challenged)
* Robert de Pinkney -- who claimed to be descended from a daughter of [[David I]]'s son, Henry
* Patrick Galithly -- who was supposed grandson to [[William the Lion]], albeit illegitimate
* Roger de Mandeville -- Whose ancestor had been another of [[William the Lion]]'s illegitimate daughters
* Eric of Norway -- as both father of Queen [[Margaret]] I and son-in-law of King [[Alexander III]] (not to mention already being [[King]] of [[Norway]])

None of them had anything which resembled a clear right to the throne, although some claims were clearly less prominent than others (such as the Norwegian one).

===The Judgement===
The Guardians decided to invite [[Edward I|Edward]] of [[England]] to take the chair at the eventual hearing of the claims. Edward agreed, but when he came to Norham Castle, he brought an army with him, and declared himself entitled to judge the matter as feudal superior and lord paramount of the [[kingdom]] of Scotland.

By midsummer the claimants had been obliged, in order to get anywhere, to concede Edward's claimed authority (although 4 withdrew rather than submit).

Of the remainder, Scotland being declared indivisible, and there being two daughters senior to his forebear, Lord John Hastings' claim was ruled out. Dunbar, Earl of March, withdrew his claim and was made Edward's Lieutenant for Scotland -- his wife, Majorie, took the Scots side and held Dunbar castle against the English (In this way, no matter which side eventually won, the family had someone "loyal" to refer to). 
===The Outcome===
Eventually the choice boiled down to Balliol or Bruce, and Balliol had already shown himself willing to bend to Edward's demands, whereas Bruce was clearly less then enthusiastic about an English overlord. Edward therefore declared [[John Balliol]] as the new king of Scotland, and proceeded to take his homage and submission, and returned south, assuming that henceforth Scotland would be ruled for England's benefit.

See also:
* [[Scottish kings]]
* [[John Balliol]]

User talk:Cian

2006-05-11T10:54:47Z

62.25.109.196: Creditrs

Hello Cian, congratulations on logging in and editing. You can keep track of your contributions at [[Special:Contributions/Cian]]

Remember to visit the [[Cunnan:Village pump|Village pump]] if you have any questions.

[[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 12:55, 9 Jun 2004 (EST)

== Double redirects ==

Yes double redirects stopping halfway is to be expected. Its done that way to stop redirects from going around in circles (since having the software check for duplicates in a, potentially, very long chain could make the server grind to a halt). You can find broken and double redirects using the [[Special:Maintenance]] tools. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 13:40, 17 Jun 2004 (EST)

== Ulrich ==

My source for the minnesingers is a book in the main library called "The Minnesang". It is located at 830.1 in the U collection. 830.1 and 830.2 are good places to look for stuff on the Minnesingers, but you have to wade through a few German language books. My troubadour references are a little more diverse. Cheers [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 11:36, 29 Jul 2004 (EST)

== Sekanjabin ==

Hiya! Sekanjabin is an unusual case because it would certainly classify as a cordial in period - a syrupy medicinal potion - but our modern usage is that of a beverage. I've made some good variations with spice and some fruit flavorings. I suspect any syrup in a well-sealed bottle would be great for field-expedient soft drinks at events. When I get time I'll do a bit on rosa solis which I researched for an A&S even last year.

== WanderingSpy ==
Ah, yes. It appears I was in error when I wrote that. So very tired then. I'll fix that as soon as possible. Perhaps I should just edit the Middle page (that being my native land). So you (all of you, apparently) are in Lochac? How's the weather down there? Do you guys make the schlep to Pennsic or do you have your own sort of thing there?

Well, I majorly updated the Middle again (if it's too long, let me know). As far as I know, most people simply call it "The Middle". In official capacities, I suppose "Kingdom of the Midrealm" or "Kingdom of the Middle". Whichever the current ruler thinks sounds better. Let me know if there's any particular history information you want. I have time on my hands.
[[User:WanderingSpy|WanderingSpy]] 20:36, 2 Sept 2004 (CST)

== [[Round robin tournament]]s ==

Thank you for the link to your article. I have, however, one cavil, which is that, as quoted, your sysetm appear to guarantee that one of the people who fights last in each round fights first in the next. Accepting that, at some point, everyone does this, does this not, however, raise a fatigue issue ?
--[[User:Simoncursitor|Simoncursitor]] 16:46, 20 Oct 2004 (EST)
*My "system" is only a way of working out the draw. It is up to the competition secretary/[[Lists Officer]] to decide what order to arrange each round in. And yes, one of the things I commonly have to make sure is that the fighters have enough time between bouts to rest and recuperate (and drink more water!). In [[Australia]], this is an issue for any [[tournament style]], not just round robins. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]]

==User status==

You are now a bureaucratic. This is because you have been a helpful, trustworthy user. I advise you to go mad with power and take petty revenge on those you dislike. No one has done this yet, and I think it would be cool. Your new power as a bureaucrat allows you to raise new sysops. Feel free to call them minions. [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 09:00, 27 May 2005 (CDT) (Only two of these sentances are actually true).
* This statement is a lie too :^) So does this mean I can put on my roleplaying hat and create an undead^H^H^H^H^H^H^Hsysop army, raising them from the kernel beneath me. BHWAHAHAHAHA!!!! Cough! Cough! Splutter! Splutter! And how do you go mad with power if your mind is already twisted? :^) - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]]
**Grovel Grovel !! All hail the mighty Cian the Bureaucratic. Long may he Do whatever Useful Things Bureaucrats Do. --[[User:Simoncursitor|Simoncursitor]] 04:44, 30 May 2005 (CDT)

== update database errors ==
I've fixed the problem now. The database layout changed between the software version we were using and the current one. - [[User:Tobin|Tobin]] 00:36, 13 Jun 2005 (CDT)

== Small Grey Bear ==

There seem to be entries for this under Barony of ~ and Small Grey ~ 
Ought they, in some way, to be conflated ? --[[User:Simoncursitor|Simoncursitor]] 05:57, 6 Sep 2005 (CDT)
* In my haste, I didn't notice that. I've redirected the samller page. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]]
**gLAD tO bE oF sERVICE - [[User:Simoncursitor|Simoncursitor]] 02:31, 7 Sep 2005 (CDT)

== Request for pedantry ==

As you are the most active pedant on the list (I only say that because I know you will take it as a complement), I was wondering if you could help me by casting an eye over the pages I have earmarked as future pages of the month on [[Cunnan:Page of the Month]]. Do any correcting that they need so that they are nice and tidy for when they appear on the main page. Oh, and don't hesitate to add to my list. At the moment the Page of the Month thing is a bit of a one man show, which is not how I intended it to be. Thanks. [[User:Conrad Leviston|Conrad Leviston]] 04:57, 2 Nov 2005 (CST)
* Will do when I have a better connection and more time. Presently on holidays. - [[User:Cian|Cian Gillebhrath]]

==User 144==
Ah ok. NP on the big rollbacks, I'll leave them to you guys. --[[User:User 144|User 144]] 23:40, 28 Feb 2006 (CST)

== Thanks ==

for fixing Eleanor of Castile -- [[User:Simoncursitor|Simoncursitor]] 21:06, 7 Apr 2006 (EST)

== Creditrs ==

Sorry, I was in a hurry, illegally downloading from work with my boss just a few feet away !!! -- [[User:62.25.109.196|62.25.109.196]] 20:54, 11 May 2006 (EST)

France

2006-04-27T14:41:21Z

62.25.109.196: slight expansion

France as a medieval kingdom occupied much the same area as classical [[Gaul]], but having prospered under the [[Roman Empire|Pax Romana]] its people spoke [[Latin]], and having been invaded by the [[Franks]] its blood was no longer [[Celtic]].

The lands had become part of a great [[Carolingian Empire|empire]] under the rule of [[Charlemagne]], but after his death in 814 the empire was split into three parts and his son [[Charles the Bald]] took control of the western portion. Having had a father known as Charles the Magnificent, Charles the Bald tried to improve his epithet with an an attempt to reunite the empire. This failed. [[Charles the Fat]] had even more motivation but his attempt to reunite the empire also failed.

The Carolingian line eventually died out in the western kingdom, which was probably just as well given the number of bald and fat people it turned out. The leading nobles then elected a new king, [[Hugh Capet]] and thus the [[Capetian]] dynasty was born. France was by now a generally feudal kingdom, and the Capetians had to work long and hard at politics in order to build their authority. This was not least because the [[crown]] itself held little land, and accordingly the king relied on persuading some of the nobles to support him when he had disputes wth other nobles. And usually the only way to do this was to reward them in some way, from resourecs already slim. One of their most difficult land holders was [[Henry II]], King of [[England]]. As you can imagine, getting him to swear [[fealty]] was a difficult task. No least because, when Louis VII divorced [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] (who held about a fifth of the country in her own right as her father's heir), she then married Henry and he (and his sons, [[Henry the Young King]], [[Richard I|Richard]], and [[John Lackland|John]] after him) took over her lands, and added them to the links with the Duchy of Normandy and with the [[Norman]] [[kingdom]]s in Italy.

The Capetian line was replaced by the [[Valois]] dynasty. Their hobbies included losing to the English at [[Battle of Agincourt|Agincourt]], not saving [[Joan of Arc]] from the English and slaughtering [[Protestant]]s on [[St Bartholemew's day]]. They were replaced by the [[Bourbon]]s in 1589, who were even worse and so the French gave up on monarchy all together in the late [[18th century|eighteenth century]].

France was one of the earliest countries to progress from feudalism to the nation-state. Its monarchs surrounded themselves with capable ministers, and French armies were among the most innovative, disciplined, and professional of their day.

== SCA in France ==

In the [[SCA]], France is part of the [[Kingdom of Drachenwald]]. There are not many SCA groups in France.

==External links==
* [http://www.drachenwald.sca.org/groups/france.htm Listing of French SCA groups]
* [http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/france.html History of France]

Courtly love

2006-04-27T14:29:53Z

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'''Courtly love''' is an important concept in [[medieval]] [[romance]], where you are in [[love]] with someone unreachable, where to actually sleep with them would invite disaster, so instead you pine after them, serve them loyally, write [[poetry|poems]] and [[song]]s in their [[honour]] etc. This tradition became so popular that it became a status symbol for a [[noble]] to have his wife admired by a [[troubadour]].

In his book ''De Arte Honesti Amandi'' [[Andreas Capellanus]] sets forth the rules of courtly love. It is not entirely certain whether he is serious or simply making fun of literary custom. His rules include such things as ''Marriage is no excuse for not loving'' and ''Once love has become public, it rarely lasts''.

Examples of the medieval romantic disasters from doing something with someone you shouldn't include [[Lancelot]] and [[Guinevere]] in the story of [[King Arthur]], [[Abelard]] and Heloise, [[Henry VIII]] and a number of young ladies, and his daughter [[Elizabeth I]] and a number of young men.

Remember, friends don't let friends sleep with [[Tudor]]s.

== References ==

* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/capellanus.html The Rules of Courtly Love]

William Marshall

2006-04-11T14:43:28Z

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===William Marshall (the man)===

William Marshal (1146-1219) was a man who was barely even noble, but who rose to become one of the most powerful people in the [[Angevin]] world. His skill at arms was one source of his renown, being particularly successful at [[Tourney]]. He was the son of John Fitzgilbert and one Aline Pipard, and the [[Marshal]] of [[England]] for a number of [[king]]s (as had been his father, his grandfather Gilbert, and his great-grandfather Geoffrey) and he fought in the [[Middle East]] as a [[Knight Templar]]. He is often held up to be a shining example of [[chivalry]], but some historians claim that the evidence indicates that he was ruthless, pragmatic and manipulative.

He became chivalric lord to [[Henry II]]'s son, the Young King, and was granted the fief of Cartmel in Lancashire in 1187. After the Young King died he went to the Holy Land, and on his return became Henry's Marshal. When Henry died, his son [[Richard_I|Richard]] recognised William's worth (despite Marshal having unhorsed him protecting Henry in France from a revolt of Richard's) and saw to his making a good marriage.

He married Isobel de Clare, inheriting thereby the de Clare lands of her father Richard 'Strongbow', in [[Pembroke]] and Striguil (english: Chepstow), and the Lordship of Leinster, in Ireland, through Isobel's mother, Aife, daughter of Dermot MacMurrough. He also split the Giffard barony with Richard de Clare, Earl of Clare and Hertford, with William taking the [[France|French]] lands, including Longueville. 
He improved the [[castle]]s at [[Pembroke]] and Chepstow, as well as holding at least 6 more.

When [[Richard_I|Richard]] died, William wisely supported [[John Lackland]], who made him Earl of Pembroke and confirmed to him the [[palatine]] powers he had inherited there from the de Clares. John, however, came to distrust William, but Marshal remained loyal and on [[John_Lackland|John]]'s death he was chosen as regent for the 9-year old [[Henry III]], although William was to die 3 years later (being succeeded in Pembroke by his 5 sons, none of whom, however, themselves had issue, leading to the breaking up of his lands, and the passing of the title of 'Marshal').

His son, William II, had a biographical text of his father written, ''L' Historie de Guillaume le Marechal''; he married Eleanor, daughter of King [[John Lackland|John]]. Another son, Gilbert, married Margaret, daughter of [[William the Lion|William I]] of [[Scotland]]. One of his daughters, Isabella, married [[Henry III|Henry]]'s brother Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and also 'King of the Romans' (the ruler of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] but never installed as such by the [[Pope]]). As well as 3 other sons, William also had 4 other daughters.

See also: [http://www.castlewales.com/marshall.html "William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke" by Catherine Armstrong]

===William Marshal (event)===
A [[Stormhold]] [[event]] held every year, usually on the first Saturday of December. It is in honour of William Marshall, the man. There is usually a [[chivalric weapon]]s [[tourney]], and a [[ransom melee]] followed by an elaborate feast with an [[early period]] theme. It is one of the two "high" events held annually in Stormhold, the other being [[Stormhold Winter Feast|Winter Feast]].

It's the type of event that people who don't attend SCA events often come out of the woodwork for, and people wear try to wear their best [[garb]], especially [[Angevin]] garb. It's just another excuse to make another piece of garb.

[[category:events]]

Talk:Nobility

2006-03-30T11:51:58Z

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''"Your blood may make you technically a noble but your attitude may make you an arsehole."'' -- Ah, but a '''noble''' arsehole.

Authenticity Mavins

2006-02-21T13:59:39Z

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Also known as Authenticity Police and Authenticity Nazis and other snotty terms.

Make no mistake, these terms are insults. While they can be used to refer to someone who attempts to do things accurately, they are more often used to refer to anyone who is perceived to be trying to force their standards of accuracy on others. In the legends spread about them, they are frequently depicted as self-indulgent cretins who are lacking in some aspect of accuracy themselves. They are thought to frequently refer to people who aren't as interested in [[authenticity]] as they are as "Farbs" and "Bobs". They are believed to aggressively attack and insult others around them. These legends serve to create more trouble by causing people are already insecure about their level of accuracy to assume that anyone discussing their clothes, whatever, are in fact attacking them.

'''These people do exist in the SCA but are less common than supposed.''' They are, however, extremely common in UK re-enactment groups, where they constantly patrol seeking to ratchet up the authenticity standards to ever higher levels, and loudly criticising anyone who, in their opinion, does not come up to the "correct" standard. Most of them are inadequates seeking some justification for threir existence.

[[category: SCAism]]

Authenticity Mavins

2006-02-21T13:55:36Z

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Nun

2006-02-16T10:11:14Z

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A '''nun''' (from the [[Latin]] ''nonna'' being a female version of ''nonnus'' meaning ''monk'') was the female equivalent of a [[monk]]. Nuns lived in a community of nuns and followed a [[religion|religious]] life under the authority of an abbess.

Although nuns were meant to be celibate, the skeletons of newborns have been found in the remains of wells of [[medieval]] convents. Nuns also were being chastised for keeping pets such as [[cat]]s and [[rabbit]]s, during the [[middle ages]].

Battle of Fulford

2006-02-09T09:09:08Z

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The Battle of Fulford took place in 1066, and was the first major engagement of the invasion by [[Harold Hardrada]], King of Norway, to gain the throne of [[England]].

It took place just outisde the city of York, and involved Hardrada's invasion force defeating and massacring an English force under Earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria (both of whom, however, escaped alive).

It was in the aftermath nof this victory, and perhaps because they believed that Harold Godwinson could not reach them so quickly from the south, where he had been watching for an invasion by William of Normandy, that the Norse forces were resting at Stamford Bridge when harold arrived to meet them in [[Battle of Stamford Bridge|battle]].

Harold Godwinson

2006-02-09T09:03:31Z

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1066

2006-02-09T09:03:01Z

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== Events ==
* The [[Battle of Fulford]]
* The [[Battle of Hastings]]
* The [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]]

== Births ==

== Deaths ==
* [[Edward the Confessor]]
* [[Harold Godwinson]]

[[Category: Years - medieval]]

Rhino

2005-12-19T15:39:00Z

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== Rhino ([[animal]]) ==
A '''rhinoceros''' is an [[Africa]]n [[animal]] with a dangerous [[horn]], a thick hide, a nasty charge, but luckily very bad eyesight.
Rhinoceros horn was used by ancient cultures (eg the myceneans) as a form of ivory, but is inferior in quality to elephant ivory due to it's yellower hue, and less even texture, leading to more flaws during carving.

== Rhino ([[SCAism]]) ==
"'''Rhino'''" is a derogatory [[SCAism|term]] in the [[SCA]] for a [[fighter]] who fails to acknowledge legitimate blows -- presumably because he has the thick hide of a rhinoceros so the hit is called ''"[[light]]"''.

''Also:'' '''[[Rhino-hide]]'''.

[[category:SCAism]]

Riding

2005-09-15T06:52:07Z

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A '''riding''' is a part of a [[county]] or [[shire]]. For instance, Yorkshire is large enough to have three ridings: the East Riding, West Riding and North Riding (mainly because the word was originally something like "Thirding" or one -third-part).

In the [[SCA]], a '''riding''' is a branch that is part of a [[province]]. They are similar to [[canton]]s, except the closest [[royalty]] are the [[monarch]]s themselves, so [[award]]s cannot be given at the riding or provincial level.