Cunnan - User contributions [en]

Niccolo Machiavelli

2006-06-20T06:27:37Z

203.166.96.235:

'''Niccolo Machiavelli''' (1469-1527) was born in [[Florence]], and became an infamous author and politician. His most influential work was ''The Prince''. The book was both influential and reviled, but established the basic concepts of '[[realpolitik]]'.

Macchiaveli entered the Florentine government as a secretary and quickly rose to prominence working diplomatic posts. The overthrow of the [[Florentine Republic]] by the [[Medici]] however saw him lose his status. Macchiaveli tried to curry favour with the Medici by writing ''The Prince''. In the end the public outcry against this book did him more harm than good, and Macchiaveli was never to be involved directly in politics again.

== External links ==
* [http://library.adelaide.edu.au/etext/pg/etext98/tprnc10.txt Project Gutenberg E-Text of the Prince]

[[Category:People (medieval)]]
[[category:15th century]]
[[category:16th century]]

Trillium

2006-06-20T06:25:13Z

203.166.96.235:

A '''Trillium''' is a large three-petalled, three-leaved white flower indigenous to the province of [[Ontario]] in [[Canada]] and the northeastern [[United States]]. Flowering in the springtime, trilliums cannot grow in direct sunlight, but instead flourish in leafy forest, often growing in such density and profusion as to turn the forest floor completely white, as from a sudden snowfall.

Trilliums are the provincial flower of Ontario, and as such were adopted as one of the principal symbols of the [[Kingdom of Ealdormere]]. A trillium [[proper]] is the central item on the arms of that kingdom, and trillium symbolism permeates the badges and trappings of Ealdormere's royalty.

Picking a Trillium is a misdemeanor offence in Ontario, although rarely enforced.

In [[heraldry]], a Trillium is displayed [[affronty]], (that is, face-on, similar to a Tudor [[rose]]), with the three petals displayed as [[argent]] (but white not silver), and the three leaves offset between them tinctured [[vert]]. The stamen of the flower is shown as [[OR]] (either gold or yellow). The overall effect is comparable to a [[mullet of six points]].

[[category:device heraldry]] [[category:plants]][[category:materials (modern)]]

Egbert

2006-06-20T06:24:05Z

203.166.96.235:

'''Egbert''' was born around the year 770 and died in 839. Having been accepted as [[King]] of Essex, Kent, Surrey and Sussex and for a short time [[Mercia]], he has been referred to as the first King of all [[England]].

In 789 Egbert was forced into exile, and may have spent some of his time in the [[court]] of [[Charlemagne]]. He returned a few years later and succeded Beorhtric (who was one of those responsible for his exile) as King of [[Wessex]] in 802.

Egbert removed Wessex from the [[Mercia|Mercian]] confederation, and eventually defeated Beornwulf of Mercia in 825. He was proclaimed "Bretwalda", or King of all England, in 829, but lost Mercia to Wiglaf in 830.

In 836 Egbert suffered a further military setback, being defeated by the [[Denmark|Danes]]. However, he defeated them and their allies, the West [[Wales|Welsh]], in 838. He died soon after in 839, and was succeeded by his son [[Aethelwulf]].

He should also be remembered as initiating (at the behest of his wife Redburga))England's policy on immigration, by passing a law forbidding, on pain of death, any Welshman from crossing [[Offa's Dyke]].

<center>
<table border = 1>
<tr>
<td width = 60% align = center>
[[English Monarchs]]
<td width = 40% align = center>
Succeeded by:<br>[[Aethelwulf]]
</table>
</center>
[[category:monarchs (medieval)]]
[[category:people (medieval)]]
[[category:8th century]]
[[category:9th century]]

Lollard

2006-06-20T06:17:05Z

203.166.96.235:

The '''Lollards''' were the English followers of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wyclif John Wyclif]. They were a partially [[religious]] and partially [[nationalist]] pre-1517 [[reformation]] movement. They are very closely related to the [[Hussite]]s of [[Bohemia]] and [[Moravia]] -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Hus Jan Hus] was heavily influenced by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wyclif John Wyclif].

Although [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wyclif John Wyclif] was one of the very early pre-1517 [[protestant]]s, I don't rate the '''Lollard''' movement as significant as the [[Hussite]] one -- in essence the '''Lollards''', after receiving initial support from noblemen such as [[John of Gaunt]] became isolated within their own country, whereas the [[Hussite]]s genuinely wreaked havoc to the point where they pretty much gained control of the entire of [[Bohemia]].

Many '''Lollards''' were [[burned at the stake]] as [[heretic]]s including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Badby John Badby] in 1410 and Thomas Harding as late as 1532.

== References ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollard Lollardy at wikipedia]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wyclif John Wyclif]

== Your [[SCA]] [[Persona]] is a Lollard ==

* You live in [[England]], most probably during the early [[15th century]] or possibly later in the [[15th century]] or early [[16th century]]. By the mid [[16th century]] you had switched to more "orthodox" forms of [[protestant]]ism.
* You are probably very [[religious]]. You are familiar with the [[Bible]] but may not know a great deal about other [[religious]] writings such as the works of the [[scholastics]].
* You probably live in the countryside, rather than the city.
* You were most probably a commoner. Although there were some nobles who spoke favourably of the '''Lollard''' movement in its early days, it became far too critical of the upper nobility as well as the clergy to gain universal class support.
* You are a [[nationalist]] and believe that [[England]] should have its own [[Church]] and not be governed from [[Rome]]. You want your [[clergy]] to speak [[English]] and not [[Latin]] so you can understand them (you may or may not speak [[Latin]]).
* You may or may not be well educated. The leaders of the movement were probably well educated. The common folk amongst the movement were not.
* You eschew the trappings of wealth, especially amongst the [[clergy]]. You probably dress modestly and expect those around you to do the same.
* You may or may not be [[literate]].
* You have some good friends in [[Bohemia]] who came to visit last summer but were dreadfully hard to understand as you didn't speak their [[language]]. They did leave you several large pots of sauerkraut however, which you're still wondering what to do with, and brought with them an enormous supply of [[beer]].
[[category:religion]]
[[category:15th century]]
[[category:16th century]]

Fealty

2006-06-20T06:15:49Z

203.166.96.235:

==Fealty in the SCA==
Fealty in the [[SCA]] is an oath sworn by peers of the realm to the [[Crown]] and [[Kingdom]], represented by the person of the [[King]] and [[Queen]]. Often, Fealty may be sworn to other powers that be, such as a [[Prince]] or [[Princess]], or an [[apprentice]], [[squire]], or [[protege]] might swear fealty to their [[peer]].

In the [[SCA]], all [[Knight]]s are required to swear fealty to the [[Crown]]. [[Master of arms|Masters of Arms]] are also peers of the Order of the Chivalry who reserved the right to swear fealty. The other peers ([[Laurel]]s and [[Pelican]]s) are given the right to swear fealty if they choose, and will be called the same thing regardless of their choice.

Fealty is generally indicated by the wearing of a plain chain of links either as a necklace, or a small linked chain under their peerage badge. It is thus considered slightly out-of-place to wear such a plain chain if you are not a peer and have not sworn fealty.

===Kingdom of Lochac===
In the [[Kingdom of Lochac]], [[Kingdom]] [[Greater Officer]]s are required to swear fealty, whereas [[Kingdom]] [[Lesser Officer]]s are able to swear fealty should they choose. The [[laws]] of the [[Kingdom of Lochac]] prohibit fealty being required to any body lower than a [[Principality]], i.e. [[Baron]]s and [[Baroness]]es may not require that their subjects swear fealty.

Copies of the oath: See the [[Lochac Ceremony Book]], which can be found at http://www.sca.org.au/herald/

===The Middle Kingdom===
In the [[Kingdom of Middle]], landed [[Baron]]s and [[Prince]]s must swear fealty every reign in person to either the King or his appointed representative. [[Greater Officer]]s, and [[Knight]]s may choose to swear fealty or not.

Copies of the oaths: See the kingdom's [[Laws]] at http://www.midrealm.org/seneschallorum/midrealmlaw.doc

===Other random notes on fealty===

* It is a [[Jew|Jewish]] tradition not to swear fealty under any circumstances, as this is prohibited by the [[Kol Nidre]]. Most [[Jew|Jewish]] peers in the [[SCA]] do not swear fealty for this reason.
* Period text: [[Fitzherbert on Fealty]]
* Period text: [[Fulbert on Fealty]]

Norman shield

2006-06-08T00:29:25Z

203.166.96.235: correction

[[image:Normancav.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Soldier on horseback with a Norman shield]]

The '''Norman shield''' was used by the [[Norman]]s from the [[11th century|11th]] to [[12th century|12th]] centuries. It is a large, curved [[shield]], often referred to as a '''kite shield''' because of its shape.

A kite shield extends the bottom the the shield down into a long point, giving it an overall "teardrop" shape. This shape means very good protection for the shield-side leg.

In addition, it is cross-strapped, the shield being held in place by an "X" of leather straps. The kite also had two grips, one at the top edge of the shield, allowing it to be wielded with ease [[infantry|on foot]]; and another at a right angle along the edge, allowing a [[cavalry|mounted warrior]] to carry the shield and handle the reins with his left hand, while the right hand wielded a weapon.

It should be noted that the figure in the picture at right has the shield [[guige|slung]] at his shoulder, rather than gripped for [[combat]].
[[image:shieldkite.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Replica 11th century kite shield.]]
It is not known now the extent to which shields of this type and period actually were decorated (although other contemporary sources appear to indicate that they were), nor whether any decoration was a proto-example of personal heraldry, an indication of allegiance amongst different bands fighting together, or the artistic choice of the crafters who made the shields.

[[category:shield]]
[[category:armour]]
[[category:norman]]
[[category:11th century]]

Index of clothing styles

2006-03-20T02:34:08Z

203.166.96.235:

==A list of commonly referred to and controversial clothing styles in the [[SCA]]==
Some of these are misnomers, unrepresentative of the breadth of clothing of the medieval period, or are often poorly reproduced. However, they are the style names current in [[Lochac]], and a beginner costumer will often encounter them.
A good glossary of such terms (in their many uses) can be found at the following external link:
[http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/cloth/glossary.html Marc Carlson's "Some Clothing of the Middle ages; Glossary"]

*Generic early period [[t-tunic]]
*"10 gore dress" - a [[14th century]] style worn by [[Viking]]s in [[Greenland]]. It adds side [[gore]]s and more advanced sleeve caps (early set in sleeves) on a basic T-tunic to give more shaping to a gown.
*[[Viking_Garb|viking clothing]] - most often used to refer to early period Scandinavians, i.e. men in t-tunics and [[wickelbander|leg wraps]], and women in the controversial to reconstruct [[apron_dress|"apron dresses"]]
*[[Burgundian clothing]]
*Norman [[bliaut]]
*Italian Renaissance - actually refers to a variety of substyles, all of which have in common
**For women- a dress with a seam at the waist, pleated on skirts below and a corseted [[bodice]] above.
**For men- [[doublet]]s worn above [[tights]] is mostly the fashion (although longer robes also exist). See [[Florentine_clothing|Florentine]], [[Venetian_clothing|Venetian]], [[Flemish clothing]].
*[[Elizabethan clothing]]
*[[Great-Kilt|The great-kilt]] - read carefully, there are many misconceptions about this article of clothing, which is a belted cloak worn in late medieval Scotland, not the modern pleated skirt.
*[[Cotehardie]]
*[[Houpelande]]

==Medieval Clothing Styles by Time Period:==
*Pre-600
**[[Roman clothing]]
**[[Peplos]]
*600-800 (note: not sure on where to put time boundaries here)
**[[Viking_Garb|Viking]]
**[[Frankish_clothing]]
*800-1100
**[[800 Byzantine|Byzantine]]
**[[Eura Garb|Finnish]]
*1100-1200
**[[Bliaut]] -a fancy [[T-tunic]], courtdress for both sexes in England, France, variations from Germanic region through the Alps to Italy, and many features used further afield eg Spain
**Basic [[T-tunic]] - the workwear in nearly all of Europe and some places also courtwear
**[[1100 Byzantine|Byzantine]]
*1200-1300
**Spain-side laced dresses
*1300-1400
**[[Clothing shoulderless surcoat|Armless/shoulderless surcoat]] c1310 Germany
**[[Cotehardie]]
**[[Houpelande]] England, France, Italy, Northern Europe c1360-1450
*1400-1500
**[[Burgundian_clothing|Burgundian]]
**[[Cotehardie]]
**[[Houpelande]] England, France, Italy, Northern Europe c1360-1450
**Italian early Renaissance styles
*1500-1600
**[[Tudor clothing]]
**[[Elizabethan clothing]]
**[[Florentine clothing|Renaissance Florentine]],
**[[Venetian clothing|Renaissance Venetian]] http://www.geocities.com/oonaghsown/
**[[Flemish clothing|Renaissance Flemish]]
**German Renaissance ([[landsknecht]])
**[[Ottoman_clothing]]
**16th Century Spanish clothing - [http://www.jessamynscloset.com/16thgallery.html Jessamun's 16th C spanish gallery] [http://sayaespanola.glittersweet.com/ saya espanola]

==Clothing Styles by Profession or Cultural Group==
(i.e. styles that will be distinct from the normal clothing styles of the time):
*[[entertainers_clothing|Musicians,jongleurs and entertainers]]
*[[prostitute_clothing|Prostitutes]]
*[[clerical_clothing|Clergy]] includes [[priest]]s, [[monk]]s, [[nun]]s
*[[mariner_clothing|Mariners]] ([[sailor]]s)
*[[military_clothing|Military clothing]]
*Travelling traders - was special clothing worn, or clothing from home, local clothing or a mixture of both?
*Clothing of the [[Jew]]s
*[[Clothing of the gypsies]]/Romany/Travelling people

==Clothing for Special Purposes==
*Special [[fighter clothing|clothing for fighters]]
*Special [[clothing for horseriding]]
*Changes to [[crusader east|crusader dress]] for the heat of the east (were there any?)
*[[hot clothing|Clothing]] adjustments for working in a hot place (eg a kitchen)
*[[work clothes|Clothing]] adjustments for working in the fields (taking off layers, add a straw hat, etc)
*[[Nightgowns]] (mostly just undergarments we think - evidence?)
*Clothing for attending religious services (add a hat or veil? rosary?, what for which religion, etc)
*[[wedding clothes|Clothing]] for weddings - (I believe nothing more special than your best clothes or a new best set for the rich, but an article with evidence from various periods is needed)
*[[Maternity_and_breastfeeding_Clothing|Clothing for maternity and breastfeeding]]

This page is a work in progress, and also an overview the scope of which is beyond any average person. Details will be wrong - fix them. Go on, you know you're just itching to fill in the gaps.

[[category:clothing]]

Sallet

2006-03-15T23:17:40Z

203.166.96.235:

[[image:sallet01.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Replica 15th century sallet.]]
A '''sallet''' or '''salade''' is a plate [[helmet]] with a pointed tail and either an open face or a horizontal eye slot. Primary ronunciations either ''sal ay'' ([[France|French]]) or ''sall et'' (contemporary [[England|English]] pronounciation)). It is frequently, but not always, worn with a [[bevor]].

The jawbone may be articulated to allow greater airflow, and sometimes the tail might be articulated. The helmet may have also been painted with [[religion|relgious]] [[slogan]]s being popular as well as [[livery]] style colours.

This was a popular helmet type during the [[15th century]] particularly in the latter part. It was worn by [[noble]]s and [[man at arms|men at arms]].

[[category:armour]]