Cunnan - User contributions [en]

Geometry

2005-07-19T16:56:59Z

148.4.4.38: /* References */

The most familiar '''geometry''' is known to mathematicians as Euclidean geometry, also called "flat" or "parabolic" geometry, is named after the Greek mathematician Euclid. Euclid's text [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements Elements] is an early systematic treatment of this kind of geometry, based on axioms (or postulates). This is the kind of geometry familiar to most people, since it is the kind usually taught in high school.

Euclid's Elements is a mathematical treatise, consisting of 13 books, written by the Greek mathematician Euclid around 300 BC. The Elements is a collection of definitions, postulates, and proofs from Euclidean geometry, named after Euclid.

Euclid based his work on 23 definitions, such as point, line and surface, five postulates and five "common notions" (today they are called axioms).

Translations of this text in [[Latin]] were available in period, from the 12th Century.

== References ==
* Robert Chester's Redation of Euclid's Elements, the so-Called Adelard II Version H. L. Busard (Editor), M. Folkerts (Editor) ISBN 0817627286

Geometry

2005-07-19T16:56:44Z

148.4.4.38: /* References */

Medicine

2005-07-19T16:55:42Z

148.4.4.38: /* Notable medical figures */

==Medicine ([[Science]])==
For much of [[period]] medical knowledge was based on hearsay, conjecture, and largely incorrect ancient medical manuals. The reasons for this are many, but one large obstacle to improving medical knowledge were the [[Church]] regulations regarding examination of the body. In particular, the banning of human dissections made it impossible to verify theories about the inner workings of the body. When [[doctors]] were finally allowed to perform dissections, they were limited to working on [[criminals]]. It became obvious that accepted knowledge regarding the body was wrong, but this was disputed with the argument that the bodies dissected were those of criminals and thus abnormal.

=== Notable medical figures ===
*[[Hippocrates]]
*[[Galen]]
*[[Avicenna]]
*[[Paracelsus]]
*[[Andreas Vesalius]]
*[[Fabricius]]

==Medicine (Period Pharmaceuticals)==
Some cultures believed that plants have souls. In 4th century BC, Aristotle believed that plants had a psyche.

In medieval Europe, the Doctrine of Signatures stated there was a connection between how a plant looked (God's signature) and how it could be used medicinally, such as the [[Lungwort]] (which looks like a lung) which was/is used to treat respiratory illnesses.

=== Period medicines: ===

'''Decongestants'''
*[[Ephedra]]
*[[Garlic]]
*[[Pennyroyal]]

'''Carminatives/Laxatives'''
*[[Hyssop]]
*[[Mint]]
*[[Sage]]
*[[Angelica]]
*[[Feverfew]]
*[[Marjoram]]
*[[Valerian]]
*[[Hemp]]
*[[Anise]]

'''Diurtetics'''
*[[Mugwort]]
*[[Clivers]]
*[[Hops]]
*[[Meadowsweet]]
*[[Sorrel]]
*[[Borage]]
*[[Hemp]]
*[[Anise]]
*[[Syrian Rue]]

'''Respiratory medicines'''
*[[Linseed]]
*[[Lungwort]]

'''For a sore throat'''
*[[Lemon]]
*[[Sage]]

'''For healing wounds'''
*[[Hyssop]]

'''Healing ulcers'''
*[[Marigold]]

'''Emmenagogues'''
*[[Thistle]]
*[[Syrian rue]]

'''Stimulants'''
*[[Hyssop]]
*[[Ephedra]]
*[[Mint]]
*[[Mugwort]]
*[[Thistle]]
*[[Yarrow]]
*[[Angelica]]
*[[Marjoram]]
*[[Guarana]]
*[[Anise]]

'''Relaxant'''
*[[Chamomile]]
*[[Hemp]]

'''Astringents'''
*[[Yarrow]]
*[[Rosemary]]

'''To soothe your mouth/gums'''
*[[Pellitory]]
*[[Clove]]

'''[[Medieval Narcotics]]'''

'''Interesting texts:'''
Chevallier, A. ''The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants'', DK, London. 1996.

See also [[Herbs]].

Medicine

2005-07-19T16:53:41Z

148.4.4.38: /* Notable medical figures */

==Medicine ([[Science]])==
For much of [[period]] medical knowledge was based on hearsay, conjecture, and largely incorrect ancient medical manuals. The reasons for this are many, but one large obstacle to improving medical knowledge were the [[Church]] regulations regarding examination of the body. In particular, the banning of human dissections made it impossible to verify theories about the inner workings of the body. When [[doctors]] were finally allowed to perform dissections, they were limited to working on [[criminals]]. It became obvious that accepted knowledge regarding the body was wrong, but this was disputed with the argument that the bodies dissected were those of criminals and thus abnormal.

=== Notable medical figures ===
*[[Hippocrates]]
*[[Galen]]
*[[Avicenna]]
*[[Paracelsus]]
*[[Andreas Vesalius]]
*[[Fabricius]]
THIS STINKS

==Medicine (Period Pharmaceuticals)==
Some cultures believed that plants have souls. In 4th century BC, Aristotle believed that plants had a psyche.

In medieval Europe, the Doctrine of Signatures stated there was a connection between how a plant looked (God's signature) and how it could be used medicinally, such as the [[Lungwort]] (which looks like a lung) which was/is used to treat respiratory illnesses.

=== Period medicines: ===

'''Decongestants'''
*[[Ephedra]]
*[[Garlic]]
*[[Pennyroyal]]

'''Carminatives/Laxatives'''
*[[Hyssop]]
*[[Mint]]
*[[Sage]]
*[[Angelica]]
*[[Feverfew]]
*[[Marjoram]]
*[[Valerian]]
*[[Hemp]]
*[[Anise]]

'''Diurtetics'''
*[[Mugwort]]
*[[Clivers]]
*[[Hops]]
*[[Meadowsweet]]
*[[Sorrel]]
*[[Borage]]
*[[Hemp]]
*[[Anise]]
*[[Syrian Rue]]

'''Respiratory medicines'''
*[[Linseed]]
*[[Lungwort]]

'''For a sore throat'''
*[[Lemon]]
*[[Sage]]

'''For healing wounds'''
*[[Hyssop]]

'''Healing ulcers'''
*[[Marigold]]

'''Emmenagogues'''
*[[Thistle]]
*[[Syrian rue]]

'''Stimulants'''
*[[Hyssop]]
*[[Ephedra]]
*[[Mint]]
*[[Mugwort]]
*[[Thistle]]
*[[Yarrow]]
*[[Angelica]]
*[[Marjoram]]
*[[Guarana]]
*[[Anise]]

'''Relaxant'''
*[[Chamomile]]
*[[Hemp]]

'''Astringents'''
*[[Yarrow]]
*[[Rosemary]]

'''To soothe your mouth/gums'''
*[[Pellitory]]
*[[Clove]]

'''[[Medieval Narcotics]]'''

'''Interesting texts:'''
Chevallier, A. ''The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants'', DK, London. 1996.

See also [[Herbs]].